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LANCASTEE COUNTY

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: BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES

OK MANY OF ITS

Pioneers and Prominent Men.

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BOROUGH OF COLUMBIA.

1760640

517

Old Taverns. — When John Wright procured a charter for his ferry, he erected a tavern, which stood on the north side of Locust Street, opposite the depot of the Reading and Columbia Railroad, in the year 1730. It was built of logs, two stories high, with a large room at either end, with a passage-way between. John Wright, Jr., was the first person who kept this tavern. He remained thereuntil he married, in 1734, when he removed to the western side of the ferry, where he built a hotel.

Col. John Lowden, of Revolutionary fame, kept the Ferry House prior to the war. He was the son of Richard Lowden, who married John Wright's daughter. He removed to Buffalo Valley, upon the West Branch of the Susquehanna, from which place he raised a company of volunteers and marched to Boston in 1776.

Joseph Jetfries came from Quaker stock in Chester County. He removed from there, about the year 1774, to Hellam township, York Co., where he kept the Ferry House. He was wagon-master for York County during the Revolutionary war, and at its close, in 1783, he removed to the east side of the ferry and took charge of the Ferry House. He re- mained there until the year 1794-95, when the heirs of James Wright erected a new brick hotel near the northern line of their property, the site of which is now occupied by the round-house of the Pennsylvania | Railroad Company, when he took charge of the new [ hotel. He removed to Lancaster, where he also kept hotel.

Frederick Stump first settled at Vinegar's Ferry above Marietta, after he came to this country from Germany. On account of malarial fever, wliich was then prevailing among the settlers along the river, he removed to Maytown, where he commenced to keep tavern about the close of the Revolutionary war. From theuce he removed to Columbia in 1796, and rented the Ferry House and ferry. On the 14th day of February, 1798, he purchased twoacresand LotsNos.l, 2, and 3, which adjoined the first-named tract on the south, and all the boats belonging to the ferry, from Samuel Wright for the sum of two thousand eight hundred pounds. The hotel, which was new, stood on Lot No. 1. The two acres mentioned Mr. Stump sold to Samuel Miller, who laid the same out into lots. The ferry was the most profitable one on the tiver. He purchased the extensive brewery on West King Street west of the Stevens House in Lancaster City, which he afterwards sold to C. Barnitz, of York, Pa. He also purchased a large number of lots in Columbia. He died in Columbia in 1804. His widow and Sam- uel Evans, administrators of his estate, sold the hotel and other' property to Samuel Miller, who rented the hold and ferry to Joshua Ring. He also ran a line of stages from Lancaster to York.

Mr. Miller sold the hotel aiid ferry-boats to Thomas Brooks Feb. 14, 181.4. The latter died before he ob- tained possession of the property. His administra-

tors, William and Amos Green, offered the property at public sale on the 24th day of December, 1814. While the vendue was in progress, John Reynolds (father of Gen. Reynolds, who was killed at Gettys- burg in' 1863) and Jasper Slaymaker, a young lawyer of Lancaster, while on their way to Marietta, and when passing called out to the crier, "Six thousand seven hundred dollars !" They thought nothing more of the matter, but received notice that they were the highest bidders. And thus they became the owners of the " Ferry House." They held this property for twenty years. The erection of the bridge over the river destroyed its profits. They sold the property to John Guy, the famous hotel-keeper of Baltimore. He was born on the Eastern Shore of Maryland. He removed to this county in 1815 and leased the Wash- ington Hotel at Big Cliikis, where the Lancaster and Mount Joy turnpike crosses the same. He also established a line of stages, which ran between Lan- caster and Harrisburg. From thence he removed to Marietta and kept hotel in the large brick building adjoining Abraham N. Cassell. He purchased a farm a mile farther east, along the Lancaster and Marietta turnpike, from whence he removed to Columbia. His daughter, Ann, married the late Maj. Frederick Haines, of Donegal. The hotel was afterwards pur- chased by Joseph Black, and was thenceforth called Black's Hotel. After his decease it was purchased by his son, Joseph H. Black, who, by his integrity and good management, built up a very profitable busi- ness. He sold the property to the Pennsylvania Rail- road Company. Their " round-house" occupies the spot where this famous hostelry stood.

The " Sorrel-Horse Hotel" was built by Joseph Jef- fries, who had been keeping the hotel upon the west- ern side of the river. It stood at the corner of Walnut and Front Streets, the site of which is now occupied by the passenger depot of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company. It remained in possession of the Jeft'ries until 1835, when Frank Boggs, who married Maria JeUries, purchased the property and enlarged it at the northern side. After the death of Mr. Boggs the property was leased by Chip. Parsons, Mrs. Ann Haines, and that prince of landlords, John Burr.

On the opposite corner, adjoining the store of Houston, Barber & Gossler, the Washington Hotel was built by Jacob Gossler, who removed the old frame building, and erected a three-story brick addi- tion fifty-one years ago. He was followed by Daniel Herr and Joseph H. Black, and it is now owned by the latter. The reputation of the house has always been "No. 1."

For a period of forty years after the town was laid out, the principal street through which wagons passed to the ferry was Walnut Street. Hence there were several hotels along that thoroughfare which did a large business. There has been no hotel on that street for many years. The large brick building now owned by Cul. McClure was owned by Charles Odell.

548

HISTORY OF LANCASTER COUNTY.

Joshua Ring also kept the tavern. Occasionally a wandering theatrical troupe gave performances at this hotel.

Reuben MuUison kept the hotel on the east side of Commerce Street. He was also largely interested, with the late Thomas Collins and others, in several stage lines and was a railroad contractor. When he first came to Columbia he ran the river in the spring of the year as a pilot. He was a very active citizen. His daughter married Thomas A. Scott, the great railroad magnate.

Charles Odell came from the State of New York and settled in Marietta, where he remained one or two years. He married Miss Lockard, of Hempfield, and removed to Columbia, and took charge of the hotel west of Mullison's.

The " Black Horse Tavern," at the corner of Fourth and Walnut Streets, was kept by one Getz originally. He was follo^ved by Henry Knight.

Jacob Corapfort kept the brick hotel on Locust Street, on the east side of the Reading and Columbia Railroad depot.

James Sweeny kept tavern in a frame house which stood back from Locust Street fifteen or twenty yards, upon ground which is now occupied by the '" Franklin House."

"The Lamb Tavern" was torn down a few years ago to make room for the Columbia National Bank, on Locust Street, between Second and Third Streets. It was a noted tavern in its time. There was a large yard attached to this property into which wagons could be driven, which made it a desirable place for teamsters to stop over night. The Kendricks, Bink- ley, and Michael Streiu (and his son, Jacob, many years after him) kept this tavern.

Ezekiel Cook came from Little Britain township about the year 1812, and first kept tavern in the frame house, of which the Franklin Hotel is the successor, on Locust Street, near Bank Alley. He removed to Ma- rietta, where he kept tavern a few years, when he re- turned to Columbia again, where he died fifty or more years ago. He was a candidate for sheriff in 1827, but was defeated.

The " Washington Hotel" was built by Jacob Goss- ler. He was the son of Philip Gossler, who removed from York to Columbia about the year 1798 and estab- lished a coal- and lumber-yard. His son,' Jacob, married Miss Stump, daughter of Frederick Stump, wlio owned the ferry and Ferry-House. He dealt largely in real estate. Tliere were I'ewer changes in the ownership or management of this hotel than in any of the others.

Tiie " Pine Creek Hotel" was kept by Mr. Withers fifty-five years ago, who was succeeded by the late Cornelius Tyson. It is located on Front Street below Union.

Brown's tavern was kept by Jeremiah Brown, who came from Little Britain, seventy years ago.

The "Swan Hotel" was built by Samuel Eberleiu

eighty years ago. It stood on the north side of Locust Street, near the Columbia National Bank.

Moses Montgomery built a frame tavern on the north side of Locust Street above Third Street eighty years' ago. He had been in the Irish Rebellion, and came to 4nierica about the year 1799, and settled in Columbia. He raised a company of volunteers in 1812, and was preparing to go into the field when he got into a scuffle with Paul Wolf, who shot through a window at a candle in liis house out of pure mischief. He was thrown upon a pile of rails in front of the tavern, and had his collar-bone broken.

In the early history of the place " cherry fairs" and "harvest homes" were quite common. They frequently lasted several days. These were profitable seasons for the landlords.

Old Grist-Mills. — The little corn or grist-mill which stood on the north side of Shawanese Run, a few hundred yards above its mouth, was built of .stone, two stories high, and about twenty-five feet square, in the year 1735. It was erected upon land of John Wright, and built by his son, James, and Samuel Blunston, the old pioneer settler. The stream was not large, but there was ample fall to turn an "over- shot" wheel of more than twenty feet in diameter, which gave all the power required to drive the machinery long enough to grind the grists of the pioneer settlers.

Samuel Blunston made his will in 1745, and de- vised to James Wright one-half of the "corn- and grist-mill." This little mill ran day and night in the spring of 1755, grinding flour for Braddock's army, and in 1758 for Gen. Forbes' army. The flour was packed in kegs and carried on pack-horses over the mountains to Fort Bedford. And upon several other occasions the colonial authorities called upon James Wright to supply flour for the use of the asso- ciated companies of rangers along the frontiers, and to supply the vagrant Indians at Turkey Hill.

This mill and land belonging to it descended to Sam- uel Wright, the oldest son of James, and the founder of Columbia, who conveyed it to his brother, John, who laid out that part of Columbia called "John Wright's addition" in the year 1788. On April 1, 1807, James Wright, Jr., son of John, sold the mill, shad-fishery, and filteen acres of land to John Halde- man, who sold the same, April 14, 1812, to Rudy Herr, of Manor township, for six thousand seven hundred and fifty pounds. Jacob Strickler and his brother-in- law, George Weaver, purchased this mill about the year 1818 from Rudy Herr. They tore down the old stone mill and built one of brick at the corner of Mill and Front Streets. It afterwards came into pos- session of William Atkins, Jonathan Pusey, George Bogle, and is now owned by McBride and Maulfnir, who have introduced new machinery, and manufac- ture " new process" flour. The mill is almost wholly run by steam power.

The Fairview Grist-Mill is located on the north

BOROUGH OF COLUMBIA.

549

bank of Barber's Run near its mouth, at the south- j em boundary line of tlie borough. This mill was i 'built by James Barber, son of Robert Barber, the I pioneer settler, about 1780. On the 7th day of May, | 1791, William Barber, Esq., of York, and oldest son of James, sold the mill and fifty-seven acres of land to Judge William A. Atlee, of Lancaster, who resided ' in the mansion which stood where E. K. Smith, Esq., ' resides. This property was sold by order of the Or- j phans' Court. On the 28th day of August, 1795, Al- exander Scott, Esq., and Mary, his wife, sold the one- half to Alexander Anderson, who was sold out by ■Sheriff Michael Rine May 15, 1801, and purchased i by James and William Miller. On the 11th day of j August, 1801, James Miller, merchant, of Philadel- Iphia, and William Miller, of Washington County, I Pa., and Alexander Anderson, of Lancaster, con- ', veyed the property to John Haldeman, of Donegal, i land Jacob Strickler, of Hempfield. Mr. Haldeman [ 'sold his interest to Mr. Strickler, from whom it went 'to his son, Jacob, and the latter's son-in-law, Ephraim Hershey, who sold to Samuel Truscott, Michael Shu- 1 man, and J. W. Stacy, who now own it. 1

The first saw-mill erected at Columbia or neighbor- hood was built by Robert Barber, the pioneer settler in 1727, in the meadow boluw his dwelling, which stood near Kauffman's stone-quarries. There is noth- ing now left of it.

Shad Fisheries.— There were but three shad fish- eries along the shore prior to the erection of the dam across the river. The first one established was at or .near the ferry, in front of the public ground, and ibelonged to James Wright and his lieirs. After his death, when the property came to be divided, in 1788, his son, John Wriglit, established a fishery near tlie mouth of Shawanese Run, which was sold with the Shawanese mill properly.

Robert Barber also liad a fishery opposite his land below John Wright's. The entire shore in front of the town was well adapted for fishing with a drag seine. The shore sloped gradually, and there was a gravel bottom.

j Mifilin's Island, across which the old bridge ran, j had a profitable fishery on the west side. It was I owned by James Mifilin, Esq.

I The erection of a dam across the river in 1838, to j form a pool to float boats to the mouth of the Susque- ; hanna and Tide-Water Canal etfectually destroyed all of the fisheries above that point.

Post-Office andPostmasters. ^Joseph Smith came to Columbia about 179.3, and opened a store, in con- nection with James Wright, in the lower room of the old Ferry House, which stood on the north side of Locust Street, near Front. \ post-oflice was estab- lished at Columbia in 1797, and Mr. Smith was ap- pointed the first postmaster. The receipts of the I office for the year 1799 were $10.44. He was the eighth child of Col. RoTjert Smith, of Chester County, | and was born Sept. 24, 1770. He removed to Phila- I

delphia in 1802, where he embarked in the iron and shipping business. He died on his farm at " Steam- boat Hotel," in Chester County, Dec. 18, 1845. He left several children surviving him, to wit : Persifer Frazer Smith, Esq., late reporter of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, and a distinguished mem- ber of the Chester County bar; Elizabeth; Rhoda; Vaughan, a daughter, married Rev. Riley, of Mon- trose; Joseph Smith married Mary, daughter of Col. Persifer Frazer and Mary Worrall Taylor, who was the granddaughter of Isaac Taylor, the surveyor of Chester County. Mr. Smith and Frazer were the progenitors of a number of distinguished military and civil officers.

William P. Beatty was appointed postmaster by President John Adams in 1802. He was the sou of Rev. Charles Beatty (of Log College memory) and Ann Reading, daughter of Governor Reading, of New Jersey. He was born in Neshaminy, in Bucks County, March 31, 1706, and died in Philadelphia, July 28, 1848. When Jefferson was elected President another postmaster was appointed. In 1825 he was appointed postmaster under President John Quiney Adams, which ofl5ce he held for twelve years.

John Mathiot was appointed postmaster in 1807, and retained the position until he was elected sheriff of the county in 1818. His father, John, was a Hu- guenot, and came from France to Lancaster about the beginning of the Revolution. He removed to Columbia in 1798, and opened a dry-goods and grocery-store in connection with Michael Gundecker, of Lancaster, in the brick building he erected on Walnut Street, adjoining Bank Alley. While hunt- ing upon Mifttin Island, above the bridge, he was ac- cidentally shot by a friend and killed about the year 1804. His son John, as stated, was elected sheriff in 1818, although a Democrat, whose party was then in a minority in the county. The Wrights, who were Federalists, all united in his support. He was elected mayor of Lancaster in 1831, and re-elected eleven times. He died Jan. 22, 1843, aged fifty-eight years. In the year 1807 the quarterly receipts of the office were fifteen dollars, and for the year 1815 they were from one hundred and twenty-five to one hundred and fifty dollars. Although he was not subject to military duty, he procured a horse and marched with Capt. Jacob Strickler's company to Kennet Square, in 1812, expecting to be mustered into the service of the United States. Owing to some informality they were not mustered, and the company returned to Co- lumbia.

Philip Eberman, a brother-in-law of John Mathiot, was appointed postmaster in the fall of 1818, and re- tained the'position until he was succeeded by William P. Beatty, in 182.'j.

In 1837, Dr. F. A. Thomas was appointed post- master under the administration of Martin Van Buren.

Guilford G. Claiborne was appointed postmaster

550

HISTORY OF LANCASTER COUNTY.

under Gen. Harrison's administration iu tlie spring of 1841. But for an accident he probably would not have received the appointment.

After it was known in Columbia that Gen. William H. Harrison was elected President, in November, 1840, the Anti-Masons and Whigs of that place con- cluded that they would celebrate the event by firing a salute with a cannon in honor of the event, in the orchard of John L. Wright, between Second and Third Streets and Alleys " J" and " K." During the night before this was to take place some person spiked the cannon with a rat-tail file. When the time came to fire the salute there was great disap- pointment among the friends of Gen. Harrison. Col. Amos S. Green, Mr. Claiborne, and others, after ■working for more than an hour, succeeded in getting out the file, and proceeded to announce the fact by firing the cannon in rapid succession. After firing it three times, and Mr. Claiborne and William Dickey were forcing a wadding of sod down upon the powder, a boy attempted to jump or run across in front of the cannon, when he fell. Abraham Myers, who had his thumb upon the touch-hole, raised it, when the charge went off prematurely when Claiborne and Dickey had hold of the ramrod. The former had his arm shat- tered, which had to be amputated above the elbow. Dickey was knocked insensible, but recovered. There was a great deal of sympathy for Mr. Claiborne. He was appointed postmaster, a position he retained for twelve years. He was succeeded by A. P. Modernell in 1853, who died while in commission, and his widow succeeded him, and held the position until 1861, when Henry H. Fry was appointed under President Lin- coln's administration. He also died while in com- mission, and his widow was appointed to succeed him, and retained the position for twelve years, when Henry Mullen was appointed, and is now the postmaster. He enlisted in the " Cookman Rangers" in April, 1861, and marched to Camp Curtin, mustered into the United States service in Co. K, Fifth Regiment Penn- sylvania Reserves, on the 21st of June, 1861 ; was appointed quartermaster-sergeant of that regiment in November, 1861 ; served three years, and was in all of the battles with the Army of the Potomac. After the expiration of his term of service, on the 6th of June, 1864, he re-enlisted as a veteran, and was appointed first lieutenant of Co. A, One Hundred and Ninety- first Regiment of Pennsylvania Volunteers. He was taken prisoner at Weldon Railroad, below Petersburg, Va., on the 19th day of August, 1864, and was im- prisoned at Libby, Va., Salisbury, N. C, and Dan- ville, Va., where he remained till March 22, 1865. He was' mustered out with the company June 28, 1645. The business of the office fur the year ending in July, 1883, amounted to iJ7822.88.

Taxable Inhabitants in 1814-15,-The size of the town during the war of 1812 is uppro.xiiiiately shown by the following list of ta.xable inhabitants, most of whom were heads of families :

	JVe<AoMer>-.
Rolert Barber.	Mary Jeffries.
Hester Broonilield.	Martha Jones.
^Villjani P. Be;itty.	Elizabeth Jones.
Emor Jeffries' estate.
Ezra Breece.	William Kirkwood.
Thonws B»rllett.	Isaac Kendrlck.
Olirist. Beur.	John Karne.
Joli.i Brown.	Peter Livergood.
John Barber.	Israel Lloyd.
JoliuBrumfield.	William Liston.
Peter Burns, Sr.	Charles Lockard.
Christian Bronneman.	John Lfvergood.
Christiarj Brenufuuiu, Sr.	John I.Jckard.
Joseph Boyd, gnuamith.	James Little.
Thomas Bircli.	William Ladley. ,
Thomas Doude.	Lewis Lowman'a estate.
Samuel Belhel.	Jacob Lightheiser.
Bernard Brown.	Jacob Long.
Henry Brnbaker.	Thomas Lloyd.
James Bogle,	Samuel Miller.
Jesse Burroll.	Samuel McNeil.
Kobert Boyd.	Henry Martin.
William Cox.	Moses Montgomery.
James Clyde.	Anthony McElwaln.
C.lvin Cooper.	John Mellon.
Widow CrossDisn.	Jonathan Mifflin.
PatiickCiirn,-y.	Joseph Miffl.n.
Janjes Collins.	James E. Mifflin.
Al.-ah.mi Correll.	William McManamy.
John Dicks.	John Mathiot.
Martin DurreU.	John Mathiofs estate.
Christian Diltwiler.	Robert Magill.
Joseph Ditlwiler.	Daniel Mnsser.
Thomas Dominick.	Hugh McCorkle.
John Davy.	John MclCissick..
John Evans.	James McClean.
John Eberlein.	George Nicholas.
Joseph Evai.s, Esq.	Robert I'atton.
Charles Evans.	Cuapor Peters.
Michael Elder.	George Peters.
Widow Elwea.	Martin Kohrer's estate.
Anthony Ellmaker.	Joel Ricl.aidson.
Daniel Floiy.	John Roth's estate.
Jaeob Forry.	Widow Rhinehart.
Kobert Fnllerton.	Joseph Klchardson.
Samuel Fipps.	John Snyder.
John Foriy, Jr.	Henry Snmmy.
Jonathan Findley.	James Sweeny.
Jacob Gossler.	David Sherrick.
Philip Gossler.	PL. lip Snyder.
William Green.	Wniiam SraaUwood.
John Gonter, Jr.	Darnel Spring.
Dr. Thu.i.as G.lffilh.	Willi.im Vickory.
William Gillaoby.	Thomas L. Wilson.
Evan Green.	Edward Williams.
Michael Gundecker.	San.nel Wright.
Micluud Gundecker, Jr.	Thomas Wright.
John Gonler, Sr.	Henry Withers.
JohnGreenleaf.	James Wright.
Christian House,-.	William Wiight.
Susanna Houston.	James Wright, Jr.
Kobert W. Houston.	James Wilson.
Kudolph Herr.	Jacob Williams.
Dominick Haughey.	Michoel Wisler.
Jacob Hoon.	George Wyke.
John Uippy.	Benjamin Worrell.
Christian Hertzlor.	John Wilson, Esq.
Christhui Habecker.	Thomas Walters.
Daniel Ilorr.	James Warden.
John Haldeinan.	Lewie W ish-i.
Chiislian Unldeoian.	William Welsh.
	Samuel Wiighfs estate.
Amos Harmel'.	George Zeiglei.
James Hopkins.	Widow Zeigler.
Widow Heller.	George Zeigler, cooper.
Emanuel Heller.

BOROUGH OP COLUMBIA.

niifman, innkeeper.

Jacob Marley.

Joseph Mother, innkeeper,

Pliilip Moor.

Samuel C. McKean, lumbe

Steplieu Bojer, minister. Julin Bennet. E/.ekiel Cook, innkeeper. Joniitlian Clmlfant. Kol.ort Clialfiint, blacksmitli. Iknjamin Cumuiings JoiiuUian Deen, innkeeper. Ilugli Dougherty, liatter.

Henry Fialier.

James Given.

Wm. B. Hunt, luml.er merchant.

Joseph Hunt, store-keeper.

William Hassen, innkeeper.

Michael Heisely, gate-keeper a

bridge. James Jordon. Jacob Johnson, shoemaker.

William Kruchman.

Jacob Loilheiser. innkeeper.

James Long, caipenter.

Samuel Urown.

Alexander Cowen, book-keeper.

Christopher Cortpnian, cooper.

David Duulap, teacher.

Joseph Enes.

Peter Epley, store-keeper.

Kllllan Epley, store- keeper.

Dr. Samuel Fahnestock.

Dr. Samuel Houston.

John Hudders.

Isaac Vaughan, innkeeper.

John Way

aith.

Joseph Wade.

Henry Welsh, shoemaker.

Jaeob Witmer, lumber merchant.

Slicliael May.

Samuel Watt, shoHmaker.

Paul Wolf, carpenter.

Henry Quest, cabinet-maker.

Benjamin Barrey, barber.

John Briggs, tailor.

Martin Currie.

datlii

John

lliani McClure, gunsmith.

in Mans, Jr., watcliDian.

lliam Roxberry, barber.

in L. Stake.

nry Steel.

ins H. Slaymaker, store-keeper.

lliam Todd.

lies Todd, shoemaker.

uuel Standsbnry, schoolmaster.

ristopher Taylor

omas Wright, turner.

nea Wilson, cabinet-maker.

iiuel Whitehill, store-keeper.

in Zeigler, cooper.

Civiftiist. — The borough was incorporated in 1814. Tlie principal ofBcers from that time to the present were as follows :

1914.— Chief Burgess, Christian Bienneman; Asslstuiit Burgess, John Dicks.

1814.— Chief Bargess, John Dicks; Assistant Burgess, Michae| Elder.

1810,-Chief Burgess, William Vickiy; Assistant Burgess, Thomas A. Wilson.

1817.— Chief Burgess, William P. Beatty; Assistant Burgess, Thomas A. Wilson.

1818.— Chief Burgess, James Clyde; Assistant Burgess, John Snyder.

1819.— Chief Burgess, James Clyde; Assistant Burgess, Hubert Ricli-

1821J.— Chief Burgees, William Grier ; Assistant Burgess, Janies

1827.— Chief Burgess, Robert Sjiear; Assistant Burgess, Jacob Matliiot. 1828.— Chief Burgess, Robert Spear; Assistant Burgess, George Zeig-

1S29. — Chief Bui-gess, John Barber; Assistant Burgess, Jacob Mathiot. lS30.—Cl^ief Burgess, Joseph Cottrell; Assistant Burgess, John Gonter, Jr. 1831. — Chief Burgess, Joseph Cottrell; Asaistant Burgess, John Bar-

1832.— Chief Burgess, Robert Spear; Assistant Burgess, Michael Way.

1833.— Chief Burgess, John Ainis: Assistant Burgess, John Swartz.

1834.— Chief Burgess, Robert Spear; Assistant Burgess, Jonas Rumple.

1836-3G.— Chief Burgess, Robert W. Houston ; Asaistant Burgess, John Swartz.

1 837-38.— Chief Burgess, John Arms ; Assistant Burgess, John Swartz.

1839.- Chief Burgess, John Arms; Asaistant Burgess, Francis Boggs.

1840. — Chief Burgess, John Arms ; Assistant Burgess, Samuel Slathiot.

1841. — Chief Burgess, John Arms; Assistant Burgess, Francis Boggs.

1842.— Chief Burgess, Samuel Mathiot; .Assistant Burgess, Francis Bradley.

1843.— Chief Burgess, Richard Derrick ; Assistant Burgess, Francis Bradley.

1844-45.— Chief Burgess, Tliomas Floyd; Assistant Burgess, Francis Bradley.

1840— Chief Burgess, Samuel Grove; Assistant Burgess, George Weaver.

1647.— Chief Burgess, William I'attun ; Assistant Burgess, George Weaver.

1848— Chief Burgess, James Jordon ; Assistant Burgess, Daniel Clml- fant.

1849.— Chief Burgess, John D. Wright ; Assistitnt Burgess, Nelson

1850.-	-Chief Burgess	Ge	igo Wolf;	Assistant	Burgess	Gerhart
Brandt
18,=.!.-	-Chief Burgess,	Am	3 S. Green ;	Assistau	Burgess	John	B.
Edwarc	s.
1852.-	-Chief Burgess,	John	Stewart; A	sistant Burgess, John B.	Ed-
1853.-	-Chief Burgess,	Jose	ph M. Watts	; Assista	t Burges	, Cha	les
M. Strine.
1854.-	-Chief Burgess,	Josei	hM. Watts	Assistant	Burgess,	Abral	am
1S55.-	-Chief Burgess	Jol	n Finger;	Assistant	Burgess,	Amos	S.
1856.-	-Chief Burgess,	Abr.aham Myers	Assistau	t Burgess	Micl	ael

Clepper.

1857.— Chief Burgess, Rudolph Williams; Asaistant Burgess, Samuel Read.

1858.— Chief Burgess, Harford Fraley ; Assistant Burgess, John Kippy.

1869.— Chief Burgess, Thomas J. Bishop; Assistant Burgess, Joseph J. List.

1860, — Chief Burgess, Samuel Grove ; Assistant Burgess, Jonas Myers.

1861.— Chief Burgess, Peter Fraley; Assistant Burgess, Joseph Tyson.

18G2.— Chief Burgess, Peter Fraley; Assistant Burgess, John Schroe-

Pfahler ; Assistant Burgess, John ant Burgess, S. H. lut Burgess, George

-Chief Burgess, Henry F. Slaymake

Fullerl

[ Burgess, Robert

1822.— Chief Burgess, Robert Spear; AssisUint Burgess, Isaac Vaughen.

1823.— Chief Burgess, Robert Spear; Assistant Burgess, Eli H. Thomas.

1824.— Chief Burgess, John Barber; Assistant Burgess, William Lewis.

182.'.-26.— Chief Burgess, Robert Sjiear; Asaistant Burgess, William Todd.

1863.— Chief Burgess, Jacob Schroedor.

1864— Chief Burgess, Rudolph Williai Do Negre.

1865.— Chief Burgess, Rudolph Willian W. Fry.

1866. — Chief Burgess, Rudolph Williams ; Assistant Burgess, John Shenberger.

In 1866 a new charter was granted, which abolished ;he office of assistant burgess. The burgesses since ;hen have been as follows;

, 1874. William B. Faesig. I 1876-76 Joseph Hinkle. j 1877. John A. Jordan. I 1878. S. P. Moderwell.

1879. John Shenberger.

18.S0. Charles Melliuger.

1870. James Schroeder Jacob S. Streine.

John Shenberger. High Constable. Market Master, Supe]

tlau Strawbrl.lge. Treasurer, First National Bank.

HISTORY OF LANCASTER COUNTY.

Borough Regulator, Samuel Wrigbt.

CouyicU.—A. a. Guiles, president ; John C. Clark, secretary ; Williai Puttou, Sliiiliael S. Sliiimau, William H. Pfahlcr, Samuel Filber George TiUe, Williiim H. Hardmaii.

JUSTICES OF THE PEACE.

1726. John Wright. 1729. Samuel Blunston. 1744. James Wright. 1791. John Houston. 1807. Kohert Spear. 1811. James ClyUe. Israel Kloyd. 1816. Thomas Floyd. 1825. William P. Beatty. 18.i5. Michael Streine. 1632. Jacob F. Markly. April 14, 1S40. Thomas Lloyd.

April 15, 1845. Dr. George Moore.

Kohert Spear. April 9, 1650. Samuel Brooks.

J. W. Fisher. April 13, 1853. Jai

Samuel Evans April 10, 1855. Da May 12, 1857. Tli"

April 13,

858. Fra I K. Hun

, Ebur

I Eddy.

April 10, 1860. Join

David E. Brinner. May 3, 1861. Samuel Evans. April 15, 1SC2. John R. Eberleiu April 14, 1863. James H. Hunter April, 1865. John W. Houston.

i Clark.

uel Ev

April, 1867. John Eddy. April, 1871. Morris Clark.

Samuel Evans. April, 1872. Frank Conroy. April, 1873. S. S. Clair. April, 1875. B. R. Mayer.

Samuel Evans.

John P. Frank. April, 1881. George Young, Jr.

W. HaynesGrier. April, 1882. John P. Frank.

Meeting-Houses— The Friends, or Quakers.—

The pioneer settlers were members of the Society of Friends, and hekl their meetings for some time after they came in private liouses. Their number increas- ing, they built a log meeting-house upon the south side of Union Street, near Lancaster Avenue.

Their first and only speaker was John Wright, Esq. Tills settlement, composed entirely of Quakers, was the only one that ventured to locate upon the extreme frontier of the province. The heads ofthe.se families all entered public life, and mingled a great deal with all classes of people, and hence we find that they were not very strict in discipline, but conducted their meetings in their own way, and for thirty years they persistently refused to ask to come under the jurisdiction of Sadsbury or Lampeter Quarterly or Monthly Meetings. The records of these meetings occasionally make mention of a Wright or a Barber being "read out" for "marrying out," or for being married by a "priest," a term by which they desig- nated a minister regularly ordained, without regard to any particular denomination to which he may have belonged. To their credit be it said that nojgreater offense was ever charged to them. It often required a great deal of patience and persistence on the part of Friends to induce them to send to these meetings a testimony against themselves for these departures from the discipline of the society. If we follow closely the history of a number of the descendants of these pioneer Quakers, we will find that they wandered much farther away from the time-honored ciistdins of the society. Some of them entered the military service of their country, and others strayed oft' into the civil service, and some were not averse to the chase and field sports. There are very few, if any, of the many hundred descendants of John Wright and

Robert Barber who are now members of the Society I : Friends.

Sadsbury and Tampeter Quarterly Meetings fre quently selected two or more of their leading men tc go to the Susquehanna and talk to the Henipfield Friends,' and occasionally a public speaker stopped there and preached. But little impression was made upon them until Jan. 1, 1790, when Job Scott, a cel- ebrated Quaker, who came from England, and after an extended tour through the Southern States, along the sea-coast, where he aroused the followers of George Fox to renewed action. On his return he preached at Pipe Creek, Manallen, Huntingdon, Warrington, Newberry, and York, thence to Wright's Ferry, where he remained at the Widow Wright's for several days. He preached a number of times at her house, and awakened a strong feeling among the de- scendants of the pioneer settlers.

In 1799 the Quakers at Columbia made applica- tion to Lampeter Monthly Meeting to hold an "in- dulged meeting" on first and week days.

Samuel Wright, the founder of Columbia, gave the society a lot on Cherry Street, near Third Street, in trust, to build a meeting-house on.

It was not, however, until the year 1810 that the meeting at Columbia was established by " Cain Quar- ter," and in 1812 they were allowed a " preparative meeting."

The present brick meeting-house was erected about the year 1800. (Under the head of schools further notice is made of it.)

There are now living in Columbia but two persons who claim to belong to the Society of Friends. Oc- • casionally Friends from a distance come and hold meetings, but when they are gone the building i? closed up, sometimes for a year or more.

The Methodist Church.— On ilie 13th day o: July, 1803, Samuel AVright gave Lot No. 160, as laid down on the plan of "Old Columbia," which was the last number on the "plan," and was situated at the south corner of Alley " K" and Fifth Street, meas- uring forty-seven feet on Fifth Street, and extending along said alley two hundred and thirty feet. This lot was conveyed to the following-named persons : Samuel Goff-, Benjamin Wright, John Wright, Christian Herr, Christian Herr, Jr., Abraham Herr, David Mussel- man, William Todd, Robert Magill, Thomas Lloyd, Abraham Groft", Owen Bruner, William Torbert, John Boehm, James W. Newcomb, and Isaac Swartzwal- ter, trustees. This lot of ground on the west side of Cherry Street, between Fourth and Fifth Streets, meas- uring sixty feet front and one hundred feet deep, upon which they desired to erect a Methodist Church, was purchased when every species of property was inflated. A part of the purchase money was paid, and a mortgage was given for the payment of the balance. No building was erected upon this lot, and the congregation continued to worship in the little frame church in the alley.

BOROUGH OF COLUMBIA.

553

The 'trustees of the Ebenezer meeting-house, for the Methodist Episcopal Church, erected a frame meeting-house ui)on the rear end of this lot, measur- ing about twenty-five feet front and fort}' feet long. The pulpit stood at the north end. For thirty years this congregation had no regular pastor. The pulpit was filled occasionally by an itinerant minister, who traveled around the circuit. The trustees named above resided principally in Manor township. They belonged to the circuit. When a four weeks' and six weeks' circuit was established, there were min- isters enough to assign a pastor once a week to each congregation. Sometimes several weeks would inter- vene before the same pastor came to the same con- gregation a second time. (This little frame church building in the alley was purchased by Stephen Smith, who razed it to the ground, and erected another one for the colored Baptists. It was burned down, and a brick one erected in its place, wliich has been converted into dwellings.)

Tiie membership of this church increased very fast. Their meetings were largely attended, and this little church building in the alley was found entirely inadequate to accommodate tliem. They were gen- erally poor people or in moderate circumstances, and they were not able to buy a lot in a more desirable part of the town, and erect a larger house, and they found it up-hill work to collect from the public at large.

In the year 1829 Columbia is first mentioned in the minutes of the Methodist Church records. John Go- 1 forth and J. Ledmeni were ajipointed to go to the place.

In 1830 it was a large circuit, and reported two hundred and eighty-two members. Afterwards it was called Strasburg and Columbia Circuit until the year 1835, when it was organized as a station, and Francis Ilodson was its first stationed preacher. On the 10th day of August, 1832, Michael Elder and his wife, Charlotte, conveyed to William Todd, James Little, Joseph Cottrell, Abram Bruner, Jacob Matliiot, James Giren, Thomas Lloyd, Abraham Sherrick, and Henry .Alartin, trustees of the Methodist Episcopal Church, forty-eiglit feet of ground fronting on Cherry Street, and extending north along the east side of Tliird Street one hundred feet to a twelve-feet wide alley. They erected upon this lot a brick building forty feet fronting on Cherry Street, and e.Ktending along Third Street sixty feet, with a basement-room under the en- tire building. A gallery ran around three sides. The pulpit was at the northern end. The building was remodeled and enlarged in 18-lG by adding fifteen feet to the northern end. The ceiling of the basement- rooin w:is also raised about one fiiot. In 1851 this cliurch was partially destroyed by fire, and the con- gregation worsiiiped for a time in Odd-Fellows' Hall. The congregation purchased a lot on the corner of Second and Clierry Streets, upon which they erected a church building in 1852, measuring fifty feet front

on Second Street and seventy-five feet along Cherry Street. Upon the rear end of the lot they built a two-story brick dwelling-house for the sexton.

The following-named members remain of those who belonged toYhe church when it was first organized as a station in 1833,: Abigail Dean, widow of Benjamin - Dean; Samuel Grove, who has been a very active member of this church for fifty years, and has built up a fine circulating library of choice books (he married (second time) Maria, daughter of the late Ephraim Eby (" miller") who is also a member of the church. His first wife was a Miss Stacy, of Stras- burg, in this county); Catharine Lightheiser; Pru- dence Suydam, widow of the late Henry Suydam (who was a director of the Columbia National Bank), and daughter of the late James Given, lumber mer- chant.

The present trustees of the church are Abram Bruner, Robert Beecham, Daniel Stape, Jr., J. R. Witmer, John Paine, Henry F. Bruner, Samuel S. Klair, Ephraim Hershey, S. H. Hoffman.

WoM.\x's FuRiiiGx Missionary Society.— Presi- dent, Mrs. Richard W. Humphreys; Vice-Presidents, Mrs. M. Bletz, Mrs. S. S. Nowlen ; Recording Secre- tary, Mrs. Ella Meiser; Corresponding Secretary, Mrs. Julia Kauffman , Treasurer, Miss Emma Patton.

L.4.DIE.S' CiiUKCii Aid Society.— President, Mrs. Richard W. Humjihreys; Secretary, Miss Mary Paine; Treasurer, Mrs. S. J. Bruner. The present membership is something over four hundred and fifty.

Sunday-Schools.— Superintendent, ;

Assistant Superintendent, A. G. Guiles; Secretary, S. W. Guiles; Assistant Secretary, F. G. Paine; Treas- urer, A. C. Bruner; Chorister, A. Bruner; Librarians, J. S. Maxton, James Schraeder, I. Annerler.

Cookman Chapel Sunday School— This chapel , was erected by the Methodist Episcopal Church a few years ago, at the corner of Fifth and Locust Streets, and is sustained and owned by the mother-church, at the corner of Second ami Cherry Streets. The olBcers are as follows : Superintendent, Simon Cameron May ; First Assistant, J. W. F. Nowlen ; Second Assistant, G. W. Panics; Secretary, H. B. Dean; Assistant Sec- retary and Treasurer, William K. Nowden ; Libra- rians, Thomas J. Wright, J. S. Snyder, C. W. Steven- son, I. E. Graybill, Harry Bonson ; Chorister, C. W. Stevenson; Organist, Mrs. Thomas J. Wright.

The Methodist Church is in a prosperous condition, and the churoli buildings are free from debt. There have been periods of dissension in the congregation, caused generally by trouble between the pastor and the congregation. The term of service of the former, when this took place, was shortened, and a change of pastors brought harmony again. But for this arrange- ment in the policy of the Methodist Episcopal Church it would have been split in two, and two or more churches would have been erected in the place, and both doubtless would have gone into decay for want

554

HISTORY OF LANCASTER COUNTY.

Since 1835 the church has had the following pas- tors: Francis Hodson, 1835; William Roberts, 1836- 37; Elijah Miller, 1838-39; James Cunningham, 1840; James H. McFariand, 1841; Joshua Hum- phries, 1842-43 ; David Gardner, 1844; William H. Elliot, 1845; Stephen Townsend, 1846; William Barnes, 1847-18; William Urie, 1849-50; William Bishop, 1851-52; Joseph Mason, 1853; William Cooper, 1854; J. W. McCaskey, 1855-56; William Barnes, 1857-58; J. Y. Ashton, 1859; J. Aspril, 1860; J. B. Maddox, 18G1-62; H. R. Calloway, 1863- 64; William Major, 1865-67 ; S. H. C.Smith, 1868-70; Robert J. Carson, 1871-73; J. Dickerson, 1874-75; Theodore Stevens, 1876-78; Henry Wheeler, 1879- 81; Richard W. IIuiii|ihries, son of former pastor, 1882-84.

Presbyteriau Church.— In the summer of 1808, Revs. Collin McFarquahr and Robert Cathcart preached in Columbia occasionally in the Methodist meeting-house. In September of that year an un- successful effort was made to organize a society and erect a house of worship.

In February, 1806, Rev. Nathaniel Snowdeu, who had settled in Lancaster, began to preach here statedly every third Sabbath, sometimes in the Meth- odist Church and sometimes in a storehouse or in private houses.

On the 29th of August, 1807, he ordained William P. Beatty, Esq., Moses Montgomery, and James Graham ruling elders, and on the following day administered the sacrament of the Lord's Supper to about twenty-two communicants. Mr. .S:iowden re- ceived from eighty to one hundred dollars per annum for his services, which continued till 1808.

In the spring of 1809 Rev. William Kerr engaged . for one-fourth of his time, and received about one hundred dollars per year for his services. At his suggestion the following application was, on the 26th of March, 1810, made to the Presbytery of New Castle :

" We, the eulscribers, beg leave to state tliat a few famlliea of tliis place, any twelve or fourteeD, associated together about four years ago for public worship. This society was organised in due form by Rev.

ders were ordained, aud the ordinances have sinci been occasionally adniinist<-red.

"We wish to be connected with the Presbyterian Clmrch, and desire as a congregation, to be taken under your care. That you umy grtui our request auil that our infant society may prosper und^r your direc

" Wm. p. Bcattv,

" Moses Montoumerv,

Samuel Wright donated to the congregation for a building-site a lot adjoining the German Church, but this not being deemed suitable, was in October, 1810, spld for three hundred and fifty dollars, and anollier on the corner of Locust and Fourth Streets purchased for six liundied dollars, and conveyed to the trustees Feb. 9, 1811. The foundation of the church was laid on the 15th of July, 1811, ami on the 19th of July; 1812, the house was opened fur public worship.

Mr. Kerr became stated supply, and on the 13th o\ September, 1812, ordained John Hudders. Dr. Hugl^ McCorkle, and John JIcRessick ruling elders. H'j cefised to supply the church in January, 1814. !

In May, 1814, Rev. Stephen Boyer became suppljl and continued to minister to the congregation tilj 1830, although there does not appear any record of his installation as pastor. It is believed that he preached here on alternate Sabbaths. During a larga portion of his term of service he resided at York during the latter part of his term, where he was eu-i gaged in teaching in addition to his other duties. i

The church building when first erected stood back from Locust Street about twenty feet. The pulpit] which was at the Locust Street end, was several feet higher than the present one, and a gallery crossed the rear end. Thirty-sis years ago the building was re-, modeled and extended to Locust Street; John Fred.i Houston was the architect and Michael Clepper the builder. A few years later a Sunday-school and ses- sion-house were erected in the rear of the church, and both that and the church building were enlarged aid remodeled a few years since.

The names of the following members appear on the record in the sessions-book from 1808 to 1822, inclu- sive : William P. Beatty and wife, Mrs. Michael Elder, Mrs. Hugh Menough, Daniel McLane and wife, John Menough and wife, William Green, Mrs. Simp- son, John Hudders, John McKissick, Mrs. Sarah Strickler, Mrs. Letitia Ralston, Miss Sallie Roseburg, William Wilson, James Wilson and wife, Archibald Hudders and wife, Dr. Hugh McCorkle, Benja Worrall and wife, Mary McKissick, Mrs. Bogle, Ja Bogle, O'Rey Henderson, Samuel C. McKean wife, John McKissick, Jr., Mrs. Susan McCullough, James Clyde, Elizabeth Patton, Eleanor Lowry Mrs. Sarah McCorkle, Mrs. Amy H. Houston, Cath erine McKissick, Jlary McKissick, Robert Spear, Mrs. Mary Wilson, Mrs. Mary Hendrickson, Henry Martin, Dr. William F. Houston, John Fletcher, Mrs. Susannah Fletcher (his wife), Ann Greenleaf, Hannah Merkle, Sarah Peters, Mrs. Mary Jetl'ries, Catherine, Rachel, and Joseph Copeland, Josepli Irwin, Mrs. Mary Whitehill, Lydia Exley, Sarali McKissick, John Jacoby, Mrs. Nancy Slack, Mrs Mary Gravinger, Eliza Ann McKissick, Mrs. Rebecca Slaymaker, Henry F. Slaymaker, Elizabeth Morgan, Maria McLaughlin, John Briggs, Jacob Cling, Mrs JIussailew Briggs, Elizabeth Keesey, Mrs. Mary Boyd, Cornelius Dysart, Margaret Guy, Mary Plar ris, Mary Smith, i\Iary Wycke, Joseph Wallace, Su sannah Dysart, Jane Rody, Jacob Purkopile and wife, Mrs. Jane Vaughan, Mrs. Maria Shipps, M Margaret Worrell, Eleanor W.Houston, Mrs. Amelia B. Heise, Mary Stump, Elizabeth Wright, John Sib- bits, Samuel B. Heise, Jane Sibbits, Elizabeth Sib- bits, Elisha Hallowell.

From 1813 to 1827 the following deaths and re- movals of members are recorded : Robert Gamble,

BOROUGH OF COLUMBIA.

555

Martin Rohrer, Mary Ann Bogle, Robert Wilson, Ann Elder, Thomas Brooks, Jacob Anthony, James Warden, Warwick Miller, Frances Worrell, Jlary Mans, Dolly Montgomery, Henry Mans, Esther Green, John Slaymaker, John Ralston, Martha Atlee, Amos Buckalew, John Eberlein, Jr., Mary Amelia McCorkle, Mrs. Catherine Green, Nancy Spear, John Mathiot, Andrew Johnson, Amy H. Houston, Han- naii Merkle, Moses Montgomery, Mrs. Emily Wright, Mrs. Jane McKeau, James Bogle, Henry Martin, Lvdia Exley, George Gonter, S. E. McKean, Mrs. Sarah Boyer, Mrs. Mary Smith, Samuel Hassan, Sarah Strickler.

Tlie ministers of the Presbyterian Church since its organization have been as follows: Nathaniel R. Snow- den, stated supply, 1804; Colin McFarquahr, stated supply, 1805; William Kerr, stated supply, 1808-14; Stephen Bowyer, 1814-33 ; John H. Symmes, 1833-39 ; Robert W. Dunlap, 1841-44; Roger Owen, 1844-50; Ebenezer Erskine, 1851-57; Joseph S. Grimes, 1858- 61; Robert A. Brown, 18(34; J. Witherow, John Mc- Coy, George Wells Ely.

In connection with the Presbyterian Church a Sunday-school was established soon after Rev. Stephen Boyer became permanently located in this charge, and John McKissick was chosen its superintendent. Ill the year 1825 there were five male teachers and seven female teachers; sixty-four male scholars and fifty female scholars.

For the year 1825 the teachers were Samuel B. Heise (living), Henry Connelly, Guilford Claiborne, Thomas Cochran, Mary Stump, C. McKissick, Mary McKissick, Catharine Stump, Eleanor Houston, Wil- liam Mathiot, John Houston, Elizabeth Sterret, Eliza- beth A. McKissick, Henrietta Claiborne, Samuel Greenleaf, Christiana Houston, Benjamin Worrall, Daniel McLane, Daniel J. Snow, John McKissick, Jr., John R. Beatty, John Stewart, Preston B. Elder, Mary Cochran, Ann Elizabeth Beatty (living), Sarah S. McCorkle, C. G. T. Waggoner, Adam Campbell.

The German Evangelical Lutheran (Salem) Church «a-> organized in the year 180G, and was made up of Germans who resided in Columbia and vicinity. Not being strong enough to build a church alone, they informally agreed to unite with the German Reformed Congregation, which was organ- ized about the same time, and by their united etlbrts raised funds for the erection, of a church in which both congregations were to worship on alternate Sab- baths. In 1807 a brick church was erected on Wal- nut Street between Third and Fourth Streets. This was the second church erected in Columbia (the first one being the Friends' meeting-house). Tlie pulpit was supplied by the pastor of the Lutheran congrega- tion in Lancaster, Maytown, and Manheiin. Thus the two congregations worshiped in the same church harmoniously. In 1819 they made* a mutual agree- ment in writing to hold the property jointly and wor- ship on alternate Sundays. The Rev. J. Strein had

been their regular pastor four years prior to this date, and he continued to preach there for more than forty years, until he was compelled from age to relinquish I the charge.'

I The congregation grew so large that it became j necessary to erect a larger church building. In 186(J,

under the pastorate of Rev. Darmstaetter, a new

I church building was erected upon the site of the old j one, which was torn down. The congregation was divided some years ago, and another church was built. For a few years after the division the old church was weak and few in numbers. The congregation has gradually increased until it now numbers one hun- dred and twenty-five persons.

Since Mr. Darmstaetter's pastoral duties ceased the succession of pastors has been as follows : Revs. Heischmann, Reidenbach, Schwartz, Czar Nedden, Baner, Charles Ernst, Burghardt, A. Eisenhauer, H. Rella, the present pastor.

The trustees are William Harm, John Ehrnan, Fran. Thumm ; and the elders, F. Abendschein, Jacob Nickalaus, Stephen Kneal, J. Wigand, Chris- tian Kunly, Lewis Messer, John Weber, John Kranz, Ludwig Schiler, Nicholas' Wolf, Aug. Witt, John Hans. There is a flourishing Sunday-school con- nected with the church.

St. Paul's German Evangelical Lutheran Church of the Unaltered Augsburg Confession.— Tlie con- gregation and pastor belonging to this church with- drew from Salem Church, on Walnut Street, in the year 1862, on account of certain proceedings therein and against which this portion of the congregation in vain protested.

In the following year they were recognized by the Evangelical Lutheran Ministerium of Pennsylva- nia as the regular congregation which worshiped in, and known as, the Salem Church. Not being strong enough to elect the proper number of officers as pro- vided for in their charter, they only elected provisory officers. For a short time the services were held in the parsonage on Fourth Street. Subsequently, for a period of about two years, services svere held in the German Reformed Church, at the corner of Cherry and Third Streets, and for the following four years services were held in Washington Institute. On Sept. 13, 1808, the congregation reorganized under the title given at the head of tiiis article. Up to this period and to the present time the Rev. J. A. Darmstaetter has presided over this congregation with great acceptability. The officers elected were Peter Rodenhauser, Sr., elder ; Christian Kraft, George Gundel, deacons; Nicholas Beinhauer, Adam Brommer, John Neuer, trustees.

In the samfe year they commenced the erection of a new church building, on the north side of Locust Street, about midway between Fifth and Sixth Streets. It was finished and dedicated June 21, 1869. The building is a one-story brick, thirty-two by sixty feet, which has a seating cajiacity of four hundred.

556

HISTORY OF LANCASTER COUNTY.

At the time of the withdrawal of this congregation from Salem Church they numbered fifty communi- cants. They now number two hundred. The churcli is free from debt and has a surplus fund.

There is a Sunday-school connected with tlie con- gregation which is in a flourishing condition. Tliere are sixteen teachers and eighty scholars in regular attendance.

Trinity Reformed Church.— A number of German families organized a congregation about the year 1805, but had no stated place to hold their religious meetings.

Samuel Wright, the founder of Old Columbia, gave them and the Lutherans a lot of ground on the south side of Walnut Street, between Third and Fourth Streets, on the 13th day of March, 1806, and these two denominations by their joint eflbrts col- lected enough funds to erect a brick church building about the year 1807-8. This was the second church building erected in the place, the Friends' being the first.

For some years neither congregation had a regular pastor, nor did they have preaching at stated inter- vals.

On the 2d day of December, 1821, the German Eeformed congregation and the Evangelical Lutheran congregation of Columbia entered into an amicable agreement, wherein it was stated that they built a church jointly under the name of Salem Church. Each was to worship on alternate weeks, the Luther- ans to commence the first Sunday in January. If one congregation did not worship on the Sunday assigned to it, then the other one was not prohibited from doing so.

The Rev. Henry Shaffner, who resided at Marietta, but preached at Maytown, Marietta, and Columbia, was the pastor of the German Reformed Church. The names of the trustees were Isaac Hougendobler, Philip Mumma, Peter Livergood, and Adam Otstot; Joseph Hougendobler, George Peters, Peter Mumma, Jr., John Hougendobler, wardens.

This church was incorporated in 1820. Mr. Shati- ner remained pastor of the charge to which Columbia then belonged, consisting also of Marietta, Elizabeth- town, Maytown, and Manheim, until the year 1840. He was succeeded by the Rev. Herman Bokuni, whose ministry lasted only a few years. From 1845 to 1850 the congregation was served by Rev. D. Y. Heisler, who resigned in April, and was succeeded by the Rev. Alfred Helfenstein, who continued to preach during the remainder of the year 1850. In 1851, Rev. W. Goodrich took charge of the congregation, and re- signed Dec. 12, 1852. He was succeeded by Rev. Joel T.'Reber, in April, 1853, who resigned in the summer of 1854. About this time the Reformed and Lutheran congregations dissolved tlieir agreement, the latter purchasing from. the former their interest in Salem Church, Services were then held by the Reformed congregation in the old town hall.

In the same year they erected a new Refoi'med Church at the corner of Cherry and Third Streets, of I brick, two stories high, which is the building still oc- [ cypied by the Trinity congregation. The licentiate, I Christian C. Russell, commenced preaching in this churcti on the 19th of October, 1850. He was or- dained and installed on the Tth of December, 1856, and resigned in the spring of 1858. About this time the church was sold by the sheriff and purchased by Nicholas Hougendobler. On the 1st of December, 1858, Rev. John Hoft'meier took charge of the con- gregation, which was at this time very small, and the few members who adhered to the congregation were very much discouraged. Mr. Hoffuieier's pastorate soon terminated, after which the congregation was supplied by different ministers of Lancaster Classis until Oct. 29, 1864, when the Rev. James A. Shultz became pastor, but after a few months' labor was obliged to retire on account of sickness. After his withdrawal Dr. Theodore Appel and Rev. John G. Wolf were appointed a committee of supply. Under their efficient management the congregation was in- creased, and funds amounting to three thousand two hundred dollars were collected to liquidate the church debt and redeem the church property.

In 1868 the Rev. F. Pilgram's pastorate commenced, which lasted until the fall of 1872. The audience- chamber was handsomely frescoed, and the entire building, both in the interior and exterior, painted. An organ was purchased for the congregation, and also a reed-organ for the Sunday-school, and a two- ; story brick parsonage was erected upon their property adjoining the church on Cherry Street.

In the summer of 1873, Rev. C. Clever became pastor, and under his energetic and efficient ministry the membership was largely increased. He resigned in February, 1879, and the present able pastor, Rev. C. S. Gerhard, entered upon his duties on July 1, 1879. The entire debt against the church and parsonage has been removed. This church up to January 1, 1883 received missionary aid, but now is self-supporting The present membership is one hundred and eighty- four, and the Sunday-school scholars number two hundred.

The German Lutheran Church was organized con temporaneously with the Gcrjuan Reformed Cliurch, and through their combined efforts a church building was erected upon a lot given them by Samuel Wright, which is located on the south side of Walnut Street, midway between Third and Fouith Streets. The congregation was supplied occasionally by the minis- ters located at Maytown and Lanciuster for several years, these two congregations holding service on alternate Sundays.

St. Paul's Church. —Services of the Protestant

Episcopal Church were held occasionally in this place

I by the Rev. Joseph Clarkson, of Lancaster, as early

I as 1820, in the Presbyterian Church at the corner of

Fourth and Locust Streets. Services ceased alto-

BOROUGH OF COLUMBIA.

557

getiier about the year 1835. About the year 1840 an effort was made to organize a church and erect a build- iiig„and six luuidred dollars was subscribed for that jiurpose. Nothing was done, however, until a regular organization was perfected, in 1848, when its first rector, Rev. D wight E. Lyman, was called to preside over them on the 13th day of August, 1848. To the efibrts of Mr. Lyman the parish owes the erection of its very pretty church building. The corner-stone was laid Oct. 10, 1849, and completed in 1850, the consecration taking place on the 28th day of May of that year. Mr. Lyuian remained in charge until July, 1853. He was a beautiful reader and an elegant performer on the organ or piano-forte, and was one of the finest singers of sacred music within the range of the Episcopal Cliurch. He connected himself with the Roman Catholic Church in 1854, and is now a regular or- dained priest. The history of the church has been quiet, and its growth moderate.

The following is a list of the rectors succeeding Mr. Lyman : the Rev. Henry W. Woods, from December, 1853, to Oct. 1, 1854; Rev. Alexander McLeod, D.D., from May, 1855, to January, ISoC; the Rev. Samuel E. Appleton, from July, 1857, to the early part of 1860; Rev. Theodore A. Hopkins, of Lancaster, pro- vided services temporarily in the spring and summer of 1860; Rev. John Cromlish, from January, 18Gl,to September, 1867. He is now a minister in the Meth-- odist Episcopal Church. (In the summer of 1865 the members who had been accustomed to attend this church from Marietta concluded to build a church in that place, which they did, and this parish was de- prived of their presence and offerings.) Rev. Benja- min L Douglass, from January, 1868, to July, 1870. ! The Rev. George H. Kirkland, from Sept. 11, 1870, to Dec. 28, 1873. The Rev. Percival Becket, from Feb. 1, 1874, to July 11, 1875. He also conducted a parochial classical school. The Rev. George H. Kirk- land (.second time), from Sept. 5, 1875, to Aug. 5, 1879. The Rev. Richard C. Searing, Dec. 5, 1879, and is the present pastor. There is a Sunday-school attached to the church. United Brethren in Christ.— In the year 1846 the first families belonging to this denomination moved to Columbia. Their names were Christian Hershey and Solomon Von Neida. The first preach- ing was held at their dwellings by itinerant preach- ers who happened to be passing through the place. From this small beginning their numbers gradually increased, when preaching was held in the brick Bchool-house on Third Street, near Perry Street, in the year 1858-59. A great many persons connected themselves with the church at that time. In the year 18C0 they erected- a church building of brick at the corner of Third and I'crry Streets. The trustees at that time were Christian Hershey, Jonas Gather, and David Wayne.

A Sabbath-school was ajso organized, which now numbers two hundred and seventy-five scholars;

Jacob Sneath, superintendent. There are now two hundred members of the congregation in good stand- ing. The ministers in regular succession were Rev.

Joseph Young, Gilbert, J. Scotf, J. Young, T.

Peters, G. W.'M. Riger, J. Doughter, W. S. H. Keys, A. Kauffmau, G. Wagner, H. V. Mahn, J. C. Munima, J. W. Geiger, J. D. Mouer, C. S. Meily, S. G. Merrick, J. C. Smith, and J. B. Funk.

The present trustees are John C. Klingbill, A. Dyer, Thomas S. White, D. Welsh, and Uriah Sourbeer.

The congregation and Sunday-school are in a flour- ishing condition, and in the near future they contem- plate the erection of a larger church building in a more central part of the town.

Evangelical English Lutheran Church.— During the year 1849, Rev. J. H. Menjes, of Mount Joy, preached at stated times in the English language in the German Lutheran Church on Walnut Street. About this time he took up his residence in Colum- bia, and devoted his time to the work of preparing the way for the organization of an exclusively Eng- lish Lutheran Church. J. C. Pfahler, H. Pfahler, Andrew Gohn, John Hiffer, and others were active in this work, and to their efforts is owing the fact that the church is in existence to-day.

The formal organization of the church did not take place at once, but the work of building a place of worship was first completed. The land for the site of the church was purchased April 2, 1850, and the building finished during the next two years, at an ex- pense of !ji6390.50, more than lialf of which remained as a debt against the new congregation.

The congregation was incorporated by special act of the Legislature, March 8, 1853, under the title of the English Lutheran Congregation of Columbia. During the subsequent years the congregation gradu- ally increased, and after discharging all debts and liabilities, and paying for numerous improvements, in 1875, under the ministry of Rev. J. C. Burke, the church was enlarged, remodeled, and furnished with all the modern church conveniences, at an expense of ten thousand dollars.

In the spring of 1881 certain tendencies culminated in the withdrawal of a number of members, who organized a new congregation which located farther up-town.

\ The church was without a pastor at the time, but soon afterwards obtained one in the person of Rev. William P. Evans, who assumed charge July 1, 1881. Since that time there has been steady growth and a systematic and regular reduction of the church debt. The church has now nearly two hundred communi- cant members. A flourishing Sunday-school, with a well-selected library of twelve iiundred volumes, and [ a most convenient, well-ajipointed, and valuable ! church property, situated on Second Street, between I Locust and Walnut.

Thepresentboardof officersconsistof: Elders, John Steetin, L. C. Oberlin, J. IL Oberlin, and Samuel

558

HISTORY OF LANCASTER COUNTY.

Filbert; Deacons, F. A. Bennett, J. G. Beemer, H. F. Yergey, L. W. May, J. G. Peirce, Ed. Newcomer, S. P. Graver, and Dr. 0. F. Miirkel ; Sunday-school Superintendent, L. W. May.

The li.st of pastors from the beginning comprises the following: Rev. J. H. Menges, 1849-00; Rev. P.

E. Dorsey, M.D., 1860-63; Rev. C. Reemensnyder, 1863-65 ; Rev. W. H. Steck, 1866-70 ; Rev. G. M. Rhodes, 1870-74; Eev. J. C. Burke, 1875-77; Rev.

F. W. Staley, 1877-81 ; Rev. William P. Evans, 1881 to the present time.

St. Peter's Catholic Church and its Auxiliary Institutions.— By way of introduction to the history of this church the following preamble is taken from the subscription-book issued by the Rev. Bernard Keenan, in which he authorizes the gentlemen named therein to collect money for the erection of a church in the borough of Columbia:

"The Ruman Catholics of the borough of Columbia (by tlie grace of God), having unanimously resolved to build a Rornim Catholic Church in said place.endia order to enable them to proceed in so necessary and laudable an undertaking, are induced to solicit Gubscriptiona from a gen- erous and charitable public.

"As Roman Catholic pastor of Lancaster County, I sanction and highly approve of the resolution adopted by the congregation of the borough of C\)lunibia, under my caro, and likewise state that Messrs. George Zieglei", John Arms, John McMullen,and Doniinick Eagle, who compose the committee for collecting subscriptions, are persons worthy of the highest cotiftdence and tlust.and capable of performing the duties reposed in them.

"Rev. Bf.rnaed'Keenan.

" Lancabtf.u City, 2d March, 1828."

In pursuance of the resolution to erect a church, approved by the Rev. Father Keenan, measures were taken to secure a site. Two lots on Lancaster Ave- nue, lately used as a cemetery, were bought. It was afterwards, however, thought best to select a spot in a more central part of the town, and the ground upon which the church now stands was purchased. The funds necessary for commencing the building were not ■without a hard struggle raised, and in 1828 a contract for the erection of the church was given to Israel Cooper. The corner-stone was laid in 1828, and in 1830 the church was dedicated by the Right Rev. F. Patrick Kenrick. Before the erection of the church the few Catholics living in Columbia were obliged, in order to hear mass, to go either to Lancaster, York, or Elizabethtown. Sometimes, however, during this period mass was said in private houses, that a better opportunity might be afforded the people of Colum- bia and vicinity of fuUilling their religious duties. Prior to the building of the church missionary priests from Conewago and other places occasionally visited the town. From 1828, the date of the laying of the corner-stone, until 1842, Father Keenan came once a month from Lancaster to say mass and attend to the spiritual' v/anta of the congregation. In February, 1842, came Rev. Daniel Kelly to reside in Columbia as the pastor of St. Peter's congregation. His suc- cessors in order of their appointment were Revs. John Mackin, B. A. Shorb, M. F. Martin, Dr. Bulfc, Dr. Leitner, Rev. P. Toner, ami Rev. A. McGinnis.

The church was enlarged by Dr. Balfe, and the parochial house built by the Rev. Father Shorl and the ground in front of the church was terracei! and otherwise beautified by the Rev. Dr. Leitner, who also had a neat iron railing erected about the church premises.

This short history of the Roman Catholic Church in Columbia would not be complete without record- ing the fact "that the Right Rev. Francis Patrick Kenrick, Bishop of Philadelphia, trustee for the Catholic congregation of the borough of Columbia." procured an act of the Legislature, per McSherry, au- thorizing him to convey by deed unto Robert B. Wright, Esq., his heirs, etc., a part of the lot on which the church was built in exchange for all that part of his lot adjoining the Catholic Church lot aforesaid, lying and being southeast of a line drawn from the west corner of the Catholic parsonage at right angles to Second Street." For this kind and generous act on the part of Mr. Wright in exchanging lots without any money consideration the members ot St. Peter's congregation felt very grateful to him, and justly, for it enabled them to have an entrance to their church from Second Street instead of from Union Street, as formerly, and it also prevented tl - erection of objectionable buildings right in front o the church door, and his memory is still held in grateful respect by the members of St. Peter's Church.

On the 30th of September, 1866, Rev. J. J. Russell was appointed pastor by the Right Rev. James F. Wood, Bishop of Philadelphia. The congregation at that time was not large, numbering about one hun- dred families. It possessed what is now called the old church property, corner of Second and Union Streets, which extended on Second Street one hun- dred feet and on Union one hundred and forty-five feet, and on which were erected the church and paro- chial house. In the same year the church and house underwent a complete renovation. In 1872 two brick houses on Union above Second were purchased foi the congregation, one of which was used as a dwell- ing-house by the Sisters who had charge of the paro chial schools, and the other as a school-house.

The parochial schools which the reverend pastor opened have been marked by exceptional success, es- pecially since the advent of the Sisters of Charity. A notable feature of these schools is the annual public examinations, which many of the educated citizens of the town are accustomed to attend. The searching questioning to which the pupils are sub- jected at these examinations shows most clearly the proficiency wliich children, with close application to study, may be able to attain under the careful train- ing of. efficient teachers.

For the better convenience of that part of the Hock living in Wrightsville, a piece of land was purchased in that borough in tlie year 1874 by Rev. J. J. Rus- sell for a cemetery, which was consecrated by Right Rev. J. F. Shanahan, Bishop of Harrisburg, Juue 71'

BOROUGH OP COLUMBIA.

559

t\

of this year. Prior to the buying of the ground for the cemetery, a house for school purposes in that town was secured, in which school has continued to be held. Id March of the same year the St. Patrick's Temperance and Beneficial Society was established in the parish, as well as another society called St. Peter's Church Society. The following extract from the latter society's minute-book will explain the object of its organization :

"At a meeting of the parisliiouera of St. Peter's Church, Aug. 2, 1874, called by Rev. J. J. Russell, pastor of the above church, for the purpose of adapting some means by which to raise money to pay for the new church property lately purchased by him for tlie cougregation,

"Resolved, That the parishioners form themselves into an association under the title of St. Peter's Church Society, fur the liquidation of the debt incurred by the above-mentioned purchase, and that each member pay monthly a certain sum of money into the treasury of said society."

This property adjoins the old church property on the northwest side, and extends on Second Street one hundred and sixteen feet, giving the entire church property a frontage of two hundred and sixteen feet. The building erected by the former owners of the property is now the pastoral residence.

A noteworthy occurrence in this church's history was the ordination to the priesthood of Rev. A. J. O'Brien, nephew of Rev. Father Russell, by the Right Rev, J. F. Shanahan, on the morning of the 21st of November, 1874. So solemn a ceremony as the con- ferring of the sacrament of Holy Orders naturally drew to the church almost the entire Catholic popu- lation of Columbia, Marietta, and Wrightsville. On May 30, 1878, the corner-stone of the convent build- ing was laid by the Right Rev. Bishop of Harris- burg, assisted by a large number of clergy of the diocese, in the presence of an immense concourse of people. The work upon the building was pushed vigorously, and in a very short time a substantial, magnificent, and commodious structure stood com- plete in every detail.

As an educational institution for young ladies it is meeting with merited popularity and success. The 6ame Right Rev. prelate consecrated the convent and the convent chapel on the 8th day of the follow- ing December. The convent was built according to the plans and specifications of E. F. Durang, the re- nowned Philadelphia architect, and under the im- mediate supervision of the Rev. J. J. Russell. The building, including the Mansard roof, is' fbur stories high, surmounted by a cupola, from which a com- manding view is had of the picturesque scenery along

J the Susquehanna River, and of the undulating coun- try on either side, and it has eight bow-windows of semicircular form in front.

' On the same day after the consecration of the con- vent the Right Rev. Bishop blessed St. Peter's new cemetery, which is situated in West Hempfield town- ship, on the farm purchased by the Rev. Pastor for the people of the parish, with the express purpose, principally,' of. securing for them a suitable spot wherein the sacred remains of their departed friends

might decently lie until the day of final resurrection. In the convent are a high school and an academy, under the control of the Sisters of Charity of Mount St. yincent's, on the Hudson, N. Y. The former is de- signed for the more advanced children of the parish, the hitter as a boarding-school solely for young ladies who are not of the congregation or who live without its boundaries. Besides the societies already men- tioned there are in connection with the church three sodalities, whose end is solely a religious one. Writ- ing on the subject of societies it will not be out of place here to speak of the "St. Peter's Building and Loan Association," instituted in June, 1876, which holds its meetings in a school-room in the convent. The present officers are: President, C. F. Young; Vice-President, J. C. Atwood ; Treasurer, Rev. J. J. Russell; Secretary, John B. Wisler; Directors, James Mack, Daniel McCarty, William Foley, Martin Ford, Cormick McCall, Bryan Cavauaugh, Bart Foley, P. Moriarity, John McCall, F. McCarty, L. Heudrick, James Gegan.

This association has thus far prospered, as the value of the shares (one hundred and forty-seven dollars) at the end of its seventh year shows. The Columbia Workingmen's Saving Fund and Building Associa- tion, when in existence, held its meetings in the base- ment of the church, and was, in a sense, a parochial society, since so many parishioners have obtained homes through it. At the end of nine years it termi- nated a successful career, the value of two hundred dollars per share having been attained.

St. Peter's Sunday-school of Columbia has an aver- age attendance of one hundred and thirty children. The superintendent of this Sunday-school was for a number of years Mr. Francis Ziegler. Since October, 1872, the Sisters of Charity have the conduct of it. The number of pupils who attend Sunday-school in Wrightsville is about twenty, and at present Mr. Charles Dougherty superintends it, and of late years the day school has been under the charge of lay teachers.

Holy Trinity (German Roman Catholic) Church. — This church edifice is of brick, located on Cherry, between Fourth and Fifth Streets, and was built in 1800, under the supervision of Rev. Father Schafirot, then pastor in charge of this parish. For the first two years services were held in the basement of the building, as the edifice was nut completed and dedi- cated until 18U2.

In 18(33, Mr. Schaflfrot was succeeded in the pastor- ate by Rev. Father AVilliam Pieper, the present pas- tor. During Mr. Pieper's pastorate the church edifice was enlarged (1873) to nearly double its original seat- ing capacity, marble altars placed in the chancel, memorial windows inserted in place of the old ones, statuary and paintings placed in proper position, add- ing grandeur to the beautifully-frescoed walls and ceiling, making it one of the pleasantest and most attractive audience-rooms in Columbia.

560

HISTORY OF LANCASTER COUNTY.

In 1865 the present parsonage was built, and in 18G9 the Sisters' house, in rear of and adjoining the church, was erected. Tliey have charge of the school, which was establislied in the basement of the cliurch in 18(57, and at present numbers two and forty pupils.

Tlie present membership of Holy Trinity Cliurch is about two hundred and fifty.

Church of God.— The followers of Rev. John Winebrenner held religious meetings for a few years at private dwellings. In the latter part of the year 1878 and beginning of 1879, through the personal ex- ertions of Rev. J. W. Deshong, money enough was raised by subscription to erect a brick meeting-house at the corner of Seventh and Walnut Streets. Mr. Deshong was followed by the Revs. C. W. Win- bigler, J. H. Esterline, and S. C. D. Jackson, the present pastor. The present membership numbers thirty. The church was not regularly organized until March 30, 1879. There is also a Sunday-school attached to the church, numbering ten teachers and ninety-five scholars.

St. Jolin's Lutheran Church, — On Sunday, March 27, 1881, a number of the members of the Lutheran Church on Second Street severed their connection with that organization. On the 8th day of April, 1881, these members met at St. Paul's Lutheran Church, on Locust Street above Fifth, for the pur- pose of organizing a new church, which was done, under the title which heads this sketch ; but no im- mediate measures were taken to erect a church build- ing or securing the services of a pastor. Their first object was to take care of the children and build up a Sabbath-school. Schuler's Hall, opposite the opera- house, on Locust Street, was secured for that purpose. They were supplied from April to September by the Revs. Samuel Yingling, Hering, Anstadt, Barnitz, Frazier, Fritz, Miller, Stine, Brown, and Feusler, Lutheran ministers, who came to Schuler's and Ar- mory Halls and preached for them. They were much pleased with Samuel Yingling, and in September, 1881, they gave him a regular call, when he became their pastor. From this period new life was given to this weak congregation, and they took measures to procure a lot of ground whereon they desired to erect their church. A lot was purchased on the south- east side of Locust Street above Sixth. The ladies of the congregation worked unceasingly, and con- tinued to provide means to meet the daily expenses ■while the new church building was being erected. They were assisted very much by their pastor and the male members of the congregation. The build- ing, which is in its internal arrangement the most complete of all the Protestant churches in the place, cost ten thousand dollars, one-half of which sum was raised by the " workers" in the con-gregation before its completion. The building was completed on the 1st day of October, 1882. • This congregation up to June, 1882, held" no synodical relations wiih either branch of the Lutheran Church government. In

that month they were received into the Synod of Pennsylvania at its meeting in Philadelphia.

The Sabbath-school received the first anxious care of tjiose who separated from the Lutheran Churcli oa Seconil Street. The school was first held at the private residence of Charles P. Schreiner, on Locust Street, where there was an attendance of seventy children. On the following Sabbath, which was on April 11, 1881, the school convened in Schuler's Hall, where one hundred and forty-seven children were in attend- ance. From that place they removed to Armory Hall, on Walnut Street, above Second Street, where the number increased to one hundred and seventy-- four. The officers of the school were Henry Leaman, assistant superintendent; C. C. Hogentogler, secre- tary; W. H. Herr, treasurer; Mrs. C. P. Shreiner and Miss Hallie Clepper, assistants in the infant school; and Mrs. Benjamin Herr, treasurer; George Tille, librarian ; Isaac T. Gitt, assistant; and Messrs. Harry Bennett, John Williams, Jacob Lutz, and Tyson Simpson, directors.

Colored Churches.— In the year 1822, John Sta- man gave a lot of ground at the corner of Cmicord and Fifth Streets to the Rev. Joseph Henderson, who conveyed the same to Joseph Henderson, Wal- ter Green, John Winston, and Nicholas Pleasants, trustees of the Colored Baptist Church. These trus- tees and a large niaj(jrity of the congregation were manumitted slaves from Virginia, who came to ihe place in 1817-19.

In 1823 a little frame church was built, and in the same year with the assistance of John McKissick and William P. Beatty a Sunday-school was started. This church was largely attended for many years, and on special occasions many white persons attended also. As the pioneer members began to die, the church gradually declined until there werenot enough left to hold service. The last of these manumitted slaves,' Benjamin Randolph, died two years ago, when the old church building was torn down and another small church building across the street, which belonged to Zion's colored congregation, was removed to it.

Contemporaneous with the erection of this church, and by manumitted slaves also, was built a small frame church in the alley between Union and Perry Streets and Third and Second Streets, called the Mount Zion African Methodist Episcopal Church.

The congregation worshiped there until the Rev. Stephen Smith purchased the frame church from the Methodist Episcopal Church, in the alley between Cherry and Union and Fourth and Fifth Streets, about the year 1832. The building was destroyed by fire, and another one of brick was built. Twenty years ago they sold the church, and built another one on Fifth Street, below Union Street, which they sold to the public school board for a colored school. A few years ago they erected a new, much larger, and more substantial brick church on the same street, a little west of the old one.

BOROUGH OP COLUMBIA.

561

' Another church, called the Union Church, was •erected on the south side of Union Street, between Fourth and Filth Streets, about tlie same time the first two were built. Preaching is only occasionally held in the building.

The religious feeling among the present generation of colored people in Columbia may be said to be on the decline.

Educational. — Prior to the Revolutionary period there were no school-houses or regular schools kept at Wright's Ferry.

■ Occasionally an Irish peripatetic school-teacher ■tame to the neighborhood, and taught school during the winter months, and boarded around with the parents of the children. The Wrights, Barbers, and Bethels were intermarried with each other, and were the only English-speaking families who resided per- manently at the ferry.

Those of them who desired a better and more thor- ough education for their children than could be ob- tained at home, sent them to Lancaster or Philadel- phia, and to the select schools conducted by Friends "in Chester County and Cecil County, Md. The pro- neer settlers were well educated before they came to the river, and it is probable that many of the children were taught the rudiments of an education at home. That remarkable woman, Susanna Wright, took care of the children of her brother James and Samuel Bethel. She not only taught them to read and write and the rudiments of arithmetic, but how to paint and use the needle also. She was implicitly obeyed in everything. She was abundantly able to teach them the higher branches, and to her her brother James was indebted for much he knew, and his success in life.

• The first attempt to establish a school where the higher branches were taught was in the summer of 1800, when Robert Patton opened a boarding-school for boys only. The school was held in the little brick meeting-house belonging to Friends, situated on the south side of Cherry Street, a short distance above Third Street. In addition to the common branches, that of surveying was also added. The price of board- ing was twenty, and tuition five dollars per quarter. The scholars were boarded at private houses. The school was not self-sustaining, and Mr. Patton gave up teaching, and entered into mercantile pursuits, for which he was well fitted.

Edward Postlelhwait Page, an Englishman, who had been an officer under Nelson at the battle of Trafalgar, in 1805, followed Patton. He was a very eccentric person, but occasionally displayed great talent. He had the gift of oratory, and when he at- fptidcd a town-meeting or the lyceum he often aston- iblicd his audience by bursts of eloquence surpassed by no trained speaker in the country. He had an English soldier with him, who was dressed up in taiilitary uniform and acted as usher.

Page also taught the first Sunday-school in Co-

lumbia, in the Quaker meeting-house. The late Sam- • uel Nelson Houston was the last of his scholars. He removed to Marietta, Ohio, where he died many years sgo. He was followed by Welden Brinton, who taught in the same place. He was succeeded by Dr. Edwin A.'Atlee, who also taught in the same place. He had a Revolutionary soldier, who wore a " cocked hat," for usher. He was a great musician, and rose to distinction in the medical profession. He owned and lived in the brick building occupied by Dr. Eodgers, on Locust Street. Samuel N. Houston, who was also one of his pupils, lived and died in the adjoining house.

A number of prominent citizens, whose names are appended to the following, made the first organized effort to establish a better school in Columbia :

" Whereaa, a NumbPi- of the inhabitants of this Place (Columbia) are BolicitonB fur the education of their Children and those under their care, which, uudcr the present Regulation of Schools, they cannot liave done satisfactorily to themselves, they therefore propose to erect a School-house and establish a School therein for the purpose above men- tioned under their own immediate direttion, and submit the following Plan for that Purpose, \ iz. ;

"1. That William Wright, Saml. Bethel, and .\mos H^irmer be Com- misBioners, who shall open a Subscription for Fifty Shares of Stock and enter therein as follows : We, whose names are hereunto subscribed, do promise to pay to the President and Trustees of the Columbia School the sum of Ten Dolhiis for eveiy share of Slouk in said School set op- posite to our names respectively, in such manner and proportions, aud at such times as may be determined on by said President and Trustees.

"2. No Person shall subscribe for more than two Shares, provided a sufficient Number offer at that nite.

"3. Each Subscriber shall be enti Share subaci ibed, and Subacriberfl shu Bcribers in fllling up Vacancies

"4- Each Subscriber shall pay Fiv each Share at the time of subscribing pay the same into the hands of the Treasurer as soon as he shall be ap-

"5. Wheu two-thirds of the shares are subscrihed for shall meet unJ choose by Dallot thirteen of their Nunil styled Trustees, which Trustees shall again elect out of President, Treasurer, and Secretary, to act as such for oi

" 6. The Treasurer shall give bond with security, if i performance of the dutira intrusted to him.

"7. Wheu all the shitres are paid in full, the Trustees by their Presi- dent shall issue a Certiticate to each Stockholder for the number of She ;s by him held, healing an Interest of six per cent, per Annum, Iransferrable in the Presence of the Treasurei'.

"8. At all Elections eaeh Stockholder, for one share shall have one Vote ; for two or more shares, two Votes.

" 9. Every vacancy in the Doard of Trustees by Death, Resignation, or otherwise, shall be foitliwith supplied by an election held for that pur- pose.

" 10. The Trustees shall have power to purchase or receive, by Dona- Uon or otherwise, a suitable Lot on which to erect a School-house and to receive a Deed for the same in Truat for the Stockholders genenilly, and to contract with Workmen, purchase llatoriiila, ic, and to have the sole management of the same, and whenever tliey shall see cause, lay a statement of the Expenditures before a Meeting of the Stock- holders to be convened for that purpose. And provided the E.\pen86 of erecting and preparing the said School-house shall exceed Uie amount of the Original Subscription, then, Mid in that case, the said Trustees shall open anew Subscription foriw timny mote i>liRreB as shall be neces- sary to make up the deficiency, which new bIiuitb sh:ill he at the Eate

.ired, for the

itees shall have the sole din

HISTORY OP LANCASTER COUNTY.

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Columbia School.— On the 25th day of March, 1807, Saimiel Wright conveyed to Samuel Bethel, Esq., Maj. Thomas Boude, Dr. Edwin A. Atlee, Rob- ert Patton, James Wright, William F. Beatty, Esq., Jonathan Mifflin, John Evan.s, William Wright, Na- thaniel Barber, Christian Breneman, and James Graham, for one silver dollar, Lot No. 104, and measuring fifty feet on Third Street, and extending sixty feet along a public alley between Locust and Cherry Streets, for the purpose of erecting a school- house upon it.

The stockholders increased, and the nurnber of shares from fifty to sixty, and the value from ten to fourteen dollars per share. In the year 1807 they erected a one-story brick building, measuring twenty- eight feet in front, and extending along a public alley thirty-five feet.

The original stockholders are named above.. They organized by the election of a president, secretary, treasurer, and twelve trustees.

The first teacher was E. P. Page. He was followed by Dr. Edwin A. Atlee, William Kirkwood, Thomas Trump, Elisha Hallovvay, Jesse Haines ; in 1819 by Moses P. Cheney, who taught again in 1826. He had been a teacher in the Westtown school in Ches- ter County. He was followed by Thomas Sharpe in the fall of 1823. During his term a belfry was erected on the top of the school-house and a bell placed in it. He resigned in 1826, and, as before stated, Mr. Cheney took charge of the school April 1, 1826 ; he was assisted by Benjamin Gilberf. He resigned in 1828. On the 29th day of March, 1828, Frederick Hinkson took charge of the school, and re- signed during the following summer. He was suc- ceeded by William Van Wyke on July 27, 1828, who resigned in September, and was succeeded by G. Gillett.

Charles Farnani came in 1832. An incident oc- curred to him which he had good reason to remember while he remained in Columbia. He was very hasty and passionate. Cyrus Strickler was one of his pupils, whom he chastised "very severely for an of- fense he did not coininit, and he left the school and declined to return again. He returned to the school-

not ofler a sufhcient inducement to command thi I

t educational talent. 1

?he stockholders on the 28th day of August, IS^.O, {

de an effort to reorganize the school and enUige £

building. On the 4th day of September, 1830, i J»

nmittee reported in favor of the erection of abuiM- »

room, accompanied by his father, Jacob Strickler, to procure his books. Farnam at once commenced to lecture and upbraid Mr. Strickler for his want nf discipWne and watchfulness over his son's welfm Mr. Strickler, who was also of hasty temperanitiit commencecl to belabor the teacher with a raw-hide There was no school for some days afterwards. Far- nam removed to the basement of the Methodist Epis copal Church in 1833, where he also taught a night- school. This school at various periods seemed to prosper, and bid fair to establish a plant for one of much higher grade. The trustees or managers were not fortunate in procuring the right kind of a teacht r The changes were too frequent, and the man igt rs did not offer a sufficient inducement to comman best educational talent.

The made the

committee repo ing large enough to accommodate' two hundred u 1 fifty scholars, ou Cherry Street, a period when il sohool was struggling for an existence. It seems lu have breathed its last breath in 1831.

The Lancasterian system was then under successful headway in the town hall. In a few years the free school law came into force, which also operated against the success of this school. The effort to erect a large school building on Cherry Street was a failure.

There seems to be a hiatus in the records of this school from January, 1831, to May 11, 1838, when the stockholders met to reorganize the school. They in- creased the number of shares to one hundred at four- teen dollars per share, for the purpose of raising money to put another story upon the building and extending it several feet in the rear. The following- named persons subscribed for the additional shares: Samuel W. Mifflin, Henry Breneman, Dr. J. S. Clarkson, Joseph Black, Davis Gohenn, Abraham Bruner, Samuel Grove, Joseph Cottrell, Thomas H. Pearce, Dr. George Moore, William Mathiot, Owen B. Goodman, Moses Whitson, James Barber, Jacob F. Markley, Albert G. Bradford, James Caldwell, James Cresson, Israel Cooper, Robert K. Colvin, Alexander Rowan, William Wright, John L. Wright, Jonathan Pusey, Robert B. Wright, Joseph W. Cot- trell, Christian Haldeman, Peter Haldeman, Reuben MuUison, Jonas Rumple, John Cooper, Joseph Jen- kins, Henry Montgomery, Samuel S. Haldeman. AVil- liain S. Shultz, Michael Strein.

A contract was made with Israel Cooper, who put another story upon and extended the building several feet in the rear, where a staircase was built, from which"access was had to the hall on the second fltior, which was rented to the Lyceum Association for five

years.

On the 9th day of March, 1839, Noble Heath, an Englishman, who had been teaching a select school at West Chester, was engaged to teach at a salary of

BOROUGH OP COLUMBIA.

563

eight hundred dollars per anmini. Owing to some serious indiscretion on his part he was requested to resign, and the board engaged R. S. Roberts to take cliarge of the school in the fall of 1839. In the same year the title was changed to Columbia Academy.

On March 20, 1841, Cyrus Frost, of Philadelphia, took charge of the school, but in the fall of the same year the trustees employed Mr. Johnson to take his place. In the winter of 1842 he resigned, and Thomas II. Pearce was engaged to teach three months. He was followed by Mr. Rowland, who taught one term. In July, 1842, B. F. Wright, a graduate of Dickinson College, was engaged. In the spring of 1843 he was succeeded by Thomas W. Sommers, who was followed by L. J. Roads in 1845, who remained iu charge of the school until 1851, when the property was sold to the borough, with the view of making room to extend the market-house. Some of these teachers were ad- dicted to the use of ardent spirits, and at certain periods drank to excess. The frequent changes made iu teachers indicate that the school was not entirely successful. There were a number of private schools in the borough, which interfered with its prosperity.

Private Schools.— John Quest taught in Walnut Street in the years 1807-9; Amos Harmer in 1809, and Sarah Currie (mother of Martin Currie), on Wal- nut Street, in 1812. Rev. Stephen Boyer, the pastor of the Presbyterian Church, opened a select school and prepared young men to enter upon a collegiate course in 1812-20.

Joseph MifUin, born in Philadelphia, removed from there to Little Britain township, in this county. On the 8th day of May, 180G, he married Martha Hous- ton, daughter of Dr. John and Susanna Houston, of Columbia, and removed to Columbia, where he taught school in 1813-14 in a frame building which stood in the rear of the market-house. He aftervvards entered the Columbia Bank and Bridge Company as teller, and was thus engaged several years, ending about the year 1820.

A Mr. Barber taught on Walnut Street in 1800.

Lydia Hutton, a Quaker, taught a school for poor children at the corner of Cherry Street and Lancaster Avenue. She was paid by a few of the wealthy citi- zens, 1825.

. Mrs. Claiborne, daughter of Gen. Ross, and the widow of Gen. Ricliard Claiborne, who had ibeen Governor of Louisiana, came from New Orleans to Columbia in 1818, where she opened a school in the house lately owned by the Miss Houstons, on Locust Street; she afterwards taught on Walnut and Front Streets. She taught children between the age of eight and twelve years, and was thus engaged about twcnty-fivfe years.

Richard il. Murphy, John Resch, John P. Wade,

William Kenneday, ■ Bond, Dunlap also

" taught between the years 182^ and 1832.

David J. Snow taught singing-school in 1826 and 1827.

Henry Connelly taught a classical school on Front Street.

Thomas Lloyd taught school for eighteen years. He was a justice of the peace for many years, and was also a surveyor and scrivener, secretary for many years of tli^ " Water Company," and held that posi- tion for a number of other societies and corporations. He ceased to teach school in 1831, and was succeeded by Ezra Ffirth on July 11, 1831, who came from Phil- adelphia, where he had been teaching for twenty years. In December, 1831, he added a night- to his day-school. His wife also taught young children, and gave young ladies lessons in fine needle- and lace- work. They taught on Third Street, near the old Columbia brick school-house, and also in the lat- ter place. Mrs. Fnrth is now living in Brooklyn, N. Y.

The Columbia Select School for Young Ladies was established in 1833 by Miss E. Ely. She had a num- ber of scholars from a distance, who boarded with private families, and paid from one dollar and a half to two dollars per week for boarding.

This school was on Second between Walnut and Locust Streets. The school was well patronized and in a prosperous condition for two or three years, when it declined rapidly, and ceased to exist in the fol- lowing year. The terms of tuition for the English branches were live dollars per quarter; the French language, ten dollars per quarter.

In June, 1832, Rev. William F. Houston opened an infant school. It lived but a few years, notwithstand- ing the etibrts of this public-spirited gentleman to sup- ply what he believed to be a want greatly needed in the borough.

Deborah Foreman conducted a private school for young childr-en for thirty years. She died in 1882.

Francis X. Zeigler commenced to teach a private school about forty years ago, and at intervals since has taught both private and public schools. For more than twenty- years he has devoted his entire time to the telegraph and Adams Express, in con- nection with fire insurance business.

Commencing in 1825, Amos Gilbert taught school a few years on Second Street near Walnut. He was a Quaker, and was a descendant of the Gilbert family who were taken prisoners by the Indians a hundred years ago. His son Howard is a professional teacher, and is well known in this county and the eastern sec- tion of the State as one of the best and most success- ful teachers and accomplished scholars in the State. He has traveled a great deal upon the continent of Europe, and has acquired the language of many nations.

In 1829, Michael Strine began teaching, and con- tinued a few years on Walnut Street and on Locust Street. He was born in Lancaster, and came from a family which furnished a number of teachers and ministers in the Lutheran Church. His son, Jacob S. Strein, was the late sheriff.

564

HISTORY OP LANCASTER COUNTY.

John Christy taught in the blue-front house on Locust Street above the old town hall in 1828-31. James Stevenson taught school on Walnut Street, 1828-30. Miss Laird, Miss Hamilton, and Miss Houston were also teachers at a later period, and John D. Wright taught about twenty-five years ago.

Lancasterian School. — Joseph Lancaster, a mem- ber of the Society of Friends in England, was the founder of the monitorial system, by which the most intelligent pupils in a school were required to teach their fellows what they had learned in advance of them. Mr. Lancaster died in 1839. This system came into general use in England and this country. In 1822 the Legislature of Pennsylvania enacted a law encouraging these schools. Lancaster City and the boroughs of this county were designated as the " Second School District of the State." Twelve di- rectors or controllers, to be elected by the people, ware to manage the schools in each of the boroughs.

J. L. Rovvand commenced to teach school in his native place, in the winter season, in New Jersey in 1820. He went from there to the city of Camden, N. J., and took charge of the academy in that place and remained there until 1827, when failing health compelled him to relinquish for a time the business of teaching. During the summer of 1827 he went to Philadelphia and took instructions in the model school on the "Lancasterian" mode of ed&cation. In the autumn of 1828 he came to Columbia and opened a school on the Lancasterian plan in the then new town hall, which had just been completed. Among the trustees were William Wright, president, Evan Green, James Given, and William Dick, secre- tary.

The school was opened in the second story, with one hundred and five scholars on the first day. This number increased, and the room was found to be en- tirely too small to accommodate that number. The charge for each scholar was two dollars per quarter, which covered all expenses.

• This school was conducted on that plan for about two years, when the trustees changed its character to a select and limited in number school, which was always full. In tlie spring of 1832, Mr. Rowand was compelled to give up his school on account of failing health. In June, 1832, he sold liis school to^, George W. Layng, a native of New England. In addidion to the ordinary English branches he taught the Greek and Latin languages. His terms of tuition were:

Spelling, reading, and writing, three dollars for twelve weeks ; arithmetic and geography, four dollars for twelve weeks; English grammar, history, use of the globes, natural philosophy, etc., five dollars for twelve weeks.

Extra charges were made for pens, ink, and pencils, and for fuel. His sister. Miss Maria Layng, gave in- structions in plain and ornamental needle-work to young ladies. Mr. -Layng was a classical scholar, as well as an accomplished gentleman. His school was

well patronized. Mr. Layng removed to Pittsburgh, where he studied law, and became a successful at- torney. He died some years ago. He was followed by IJenry Montgomery in 1836, a native of New York State, who taught school near the " Gap," in this county, from which place he came to Columbia.

Like his predecessors, he used the rod freely, which on several occasions stirred up the ire of tlie " bad boys' " parents, who came to the school-room to return the compliment on the teacher, which was not always a success. Mr. Montgomery found tliat the profession of teaching was not the one best adapted to the de- velopment of his abilities. He was in political faith an Anti-Mason, and entered into the personal warfare carried on in the newspapers between the parties with a good deal of vim. He established the Pennsylvania Courant in Columbia in 1837, and while he was con- nected with this paper, which was about two years, he was in "hot water" all the time, and was never satisfied unless he could find some political opponent to pound. As a political writer in a heated campaign he had few equals. He remained in the newspaper business for many years in Harrisburg, Lancaster, and Detroit, Mich. He married Ann, daughter of Robert Spear, Esq., late of this place.

He was followed by Michael R. Keegan in 1837, who taught school in the town hall and at the cor- ner of Front and Union Streets for ten years. He removed to the State of Ohio.

Washington Institute was created and brought into existence by the trustees of the Public Ground Company, whose funds were a trust designed by the founder of Columbia for the sole benefit of the citi- zens of the town he laid out, which is known as " Old Columbia."

Before the free-school system was adopted in the State, the citizens of Old Columbia frequently met and endeavored to convert the income of this trust to establish free schools in the town. There was no one who could devise a plan calculated to make the scheme a success, and hence every attemjit in that direction was a failure.

There was jealousy and envy among the citizens of Old and New Columbia over the disposition of this trust fund, and different projects were proposed, which led to a confusion of counsel, and the conse- quence was that nothing was done.

In the spring of 1854 the board of trustees of the public ground concluded to purchase a tract of land on the north side of Lancaster Avenue, between Locust and Cherry Streets, from John L. Wright, upon which they designed to erect a school building. In the year 1856 a contract was made with Micliacl Clepper for its erection for S8640, and it was finished the same year.

June 30, 1857, a school board composed of five members were elected, to wit; Samuel Truscott, Philip Shreiner, Jonas Rumple, Joshua Vaughen, and Henry Minnich, of the board of trustees of the

I

BOROUGH OF COLUMBIA.

565

public ground, and Joseph W. Fisher, Hugh M. Nortli, Saiiuiel Shoch, and Dr. Benjamin Rolirer by the citizens of Old Columbia, who were to serve for one year.

In November, 1S57, Professor Joseph D. Nichols was chosen principal, and in the following winter ' Morris D. Wickersham and Grace Clarkson were j chosen assistants. In 1859 he was assisted by Mr. Gamwell and Miss Herntz. The school was not self- j sustaining, and on the 1st day of March, 1859, the company gave the buildings to Mr. Nichols free of I rent. During the summer and fill! of that year the school was reported to be in a flourishing condition, but it soon declined again.

On the 1st day of July, 1860, the Institute was ' rented to Rev. A. Essick for a period of one year. He was assisted by Mr. Patten for a few months. The following two or three years were periods of depression, and the board of trustees made an effort to sell or rent the buildings to the school board of the borough.

In February, 1803, Professor Howard Gilbert and Professor Vicroy and Miss Johnson taught in sepa- rate rooms. In April, 1863, a free school was taught for three months by Professors Peck, Richards, John- son, and Ilaldeman.

In the month of September, 18C3, the Institute ; building was taken by the United States govern- \ ment for a hospital, and so occupied for two months, j

In October, 1863, it was rented to Professor H. S. j Alexander, and a portion of the building was con- ! verted into a dwelling. In January, 1864, Mr. Alex- | ander leased the buildings for a period of eight years.

In April, 1866, Mr. Alexander sold his lease to President Sacket, who found the school in a prosper- ous condition, but let it run down, when Mr. Alexan- der took charge of the school again in 1868. In March, 1868, the trustees purchased from J. H. Mif- flin, for eighteen hundred dollars, a tract of land ad- joining the Institute grounds which extends to Locust and Sixth Streets. In the same year the buildings were enlarged. Under the management of Professor Alexander the school was in a flourishing condition and profitable. His health and that of Mrs. Alexan- der was such that they had to abandon the profession they had adorned with so much grace and ability, and in JIarch, 1871, they retired from the Institute and were succeeded by the Rev. Ewing. In January, 1873, Mr. Alexander again took charge of the school, but he was not able to make it self-supporting.

In February, 1876, the school board of the borough leased the Washington Institute buildings and the grounds purchased Irom John L. Wright for a period of twenty years, at an annual rental of four hundred dollars. It is now called the Columbia High School, and under the superb management of Professor I!. G. Ames, superintendent of the" public schools of Co- lumbia, and Misses Lillian and Mary Welsh and Mr.' Hoffman, his able assistants, who have charge of the

schools, it is second to none in the State in school government and the thoroughness with which they instruct in the several branches of study in accord- danc* with the curriculum.

A day-^and boarding-school for boys, English and classical, was established in the second story of the town hall, on April 18, 1853, by Professor Alfred Armstrong, principal. The school was removed to the building in the rear of the Presbyterian Church on Fourth Street. A number of scholars received a classical courseof studies, and were prepared to enter upon a collegiate course of studies. The school was scarcely self-su>taining, and Mr. Armstrong re- moved to Harrisburg, where he again established an academy.

Up to the year 183-t there was no uniform system of education in the State for the common people. Every township and town had its private schools, conducted frequently by incompetent teachers in their own wa}'. They were peripatetic in their move- ments, and seldom remained longer in one place than three winter months. In the country they boarded around among the farmers, and sometimes behaved .very dishonorably.

Long and persistent efforts in behalf of the com- mon school system in New England by Horace Mann crowned his efforts with success about the year 1830. Friends of the educational cause in Pennsylvania took up the subject, and began to agitate and mould a public sentiment in favor of the common school system. The subject was brought before the Legis- lature and discussed there. Governor Wolf rendered valuable aid. Among the ablest and most persistent champions in the Legislature of these measures was Thaddeus Stevens, then of Adams County. His elo- quence and matchless argument brought a majority of the Assembly to his .side, and the common school law was passed in 1834. There was a provision in the law requiring-the districts to accept the same be- fore it was brought into practical operation.

When the Legislature adjourned and the full scope of the law became known to the people, there was great opposition to its enforcement.

On Tuesday, Sept. 11, 1834, a meeting of the citi- zens was held in the town hall to ascertain the senti- ments of the people on the subject of adopting the school law. Dr. Joseph Clarkson was chairman and J. Houston IMifliin secretary. Thomas E. Cochran addressed the meeting in favor of the school law. Dr. R. E. Cochran, John Barber, Esq., and J. Houston Mifflin were selected or nominated by the meeting tor school directors, and Samuel Boyd, Christian Hershey, and John Musselman were selected for school directors from West Hempfuid township.

When the Legislature met in 1835, a majority of its members were in favor of repealing the law of 1834. Thomas H. Burroughs, who was then Secretary of State under Joseph Ritner's administration, was a warm friend of the law, and worked very hard to save

HISTORY OF LANCASTER COUNTY.

it. Opposition grew rapidly,' and everything seemed to be lost. Upon making a private canvass among tlie members, it was found that a large majority were in favor of repealing the law. When the question came up upon second reading, Mr. Stevens arose, and under the inspiration of the moment made one of the grandest and most successful efforts ever undertaken in a deliberative body of people to change a large majority to the minority side. He had barely taken his seat when there was a call from every member to vote upon the question. The law was sustained, and it has never been disturbed since, except to improve it. A copy of this speech should be printed and hung upon the walls of every school-room in the State.

There was considerable opposition to the seventh section of the school law, which required a tax to be levied in the borough of Columbia and East and West Hempfield townships.

On the 16th day of May, 1835, a public meeting of the citizens of Columbia and the township named was held at the public-house of Joshua Kehlers, one mile and a half east from Columbia, along the Colum- bia and Lancaster turnpike, of which Samuel Boyd was president; J. Houston Mifflin, secretary.

West Hempfield, which included Columbia, was among the first townshiiis in the county to accept the law.

The Public Schools. — After the system of common schools came into general use. the improvement made was gradual. The schools were better attended, more care was taken by the directors in the selection of competent teachers ; but little real progress was made, however, until the Normal School at MiUersville was fairly under'way and a class of teachers trained and equipped to enter a profession they adorned.

Another step in advance was taken when graded schools were introduced. In 1857 a committee was appointed by the school board, with J. G. Hess as its chairman, to grade the public schools of Columbia. This was something new, and but little progress was made, promotions were gradual and few. There were six separate school buildings in the place, some of ■which were substantial brick structures. The citizens wisely selected some of their best educated and most prominent citizens for school directors. Their edu- cation and training enabled them to select cdn^petent teachers from merit alone, and to them much credit is due for the advances made in the cause of educa- tion in Columbia. Of the number may be mentioned Samuel Shoch, Hugh M. North, J. W. Fisher, Amos S. Green, J. Houston Mifflin, and also Joseph M. Watts, Samuel Grove, Thilip Shreiner, David W. Griffith, J. G. Hess, Samuel Young, Abraham Bruner, George Young, Jr., Daniel Waun. The most suc- cessful teachers were Calvin Stewart (now pastor of the Presbyterian Church in Colerain township), Wil- liam Murphy, Morris Wickersham, Frederick S. Pyfer, Mary Shoch, Grace Clarkson, Georgian Houston, and Mary Miller.

The board of directors in 1862 decided to erect one school building large enough to accommodate all white children of lawful age in the place. Accord- ingly a building was erected on Cherry Street be- tween Fourth and Fifth Streets, three stories high, and containing eighteen commodious school-rooms, ten of which were furnished and prepared for the reception of scholars in 1863. The building was con- structed of brick, and was modeled after the High School building on Broad Street, Philadelphia, and when completed was one of the largest and finest school buildings in the State. At the time of its erection it was thought that it was sufficiently large to accommodate all of the white children in the place for many years to come. When filled it would seat two thousand scholars. Although it was a great stride in educational progress, experience has since demonstrated that it was not altogether a wise move- ment to collect the scholars in an entire district as large as Columbia and place them under one roof. The system has its advantages, but there are many disadvantages which more than balance the good ones. The original cost of the building was sixteen thousand dollars.

The borough superintendency of public schools was adopted for Columbia April 1, 1875. In May they agreed to advertise for a superintendent, and agreed to pay him an annual salary of fourteen hun- dred dollars. Out of fifty-seven applicants Benjamin G. Ames, of Bridgeton, N. J., was chosen to fill the new position. He was an accomplished scholar, and had rare qualifications to fill a position of this kind; more than thirty years of his life has been devoted to the cause of education.

His system of promotions was different from the old one, and he gradually made a number of other changes, which experience has proven to have been wise and salutary. The mos"t accomplished and thor- ough teachers in the schools are graduates of the High School.

Miss Lilian Welsh, a daugliter of the late Gen. Thomas Welsh, is now vice-principal of the High School, and is one of die most successful and tal- ented teachers in the State. Her sister Marie is her assistant, and is well fitted for the position.

Mr. Hoffman has also risen from the lower to the front rank as a teacher. The entire body of teachers are excelled by few anywhere, and Columbia may well feel proud of the position her scliools hold in relation to others in the State.

Lyceum.— The system of social lyceums became very popular with the people in the United States about the year 1830, and it did not decline for ten or twelve" years. Josiah Holbrook, who was actuary of the Universal Lyceum, was the principal organizer of lyceums in the United States. The Columbia Lyceum was organized Dec. 2, 1835. The exercises generally opened with a lecture delivered by one of the members, or a subject selected which was debated

BOROUGH OF COLUMBIA.

by members chosen by the cliairman. This feature of tlie lyceum was always entertaining. Among the members who delivered lectures were Henry Mont- gomery, S. S. Haldeinan, Dr. J. S. Clarkson, Samuel A. Black, Dr. William S. McCorkle, James J. Given, Thomas H. Pearce, E. C. Lewis, Dr. R. E. Cochran, Owen B. Goodman, H. Bingham, Philip Gossler. Many of these lectures were illustrated with scientific apparatus. When the lyceum ran out of home ma- terial for lecturers, they were supplied by young and promising lawyers from Lancaster. Among the num- ber we recollect Amos Slaymaker, Esq., Nathaniel Ellraaker, Esq., George M. Kline, Esq. The meet- ings of the lyceum were held in the old brick school- house on Third Street, near the town hall. After its decline many of its members formed an organiza- tion called the Senate. Members were divided and assigned to each of the States. This organization was copied after the United States Senate. Its most pleasing and interesting feature was the political dis- cussions between the members, who were supposed to represent the same political parties which elected the United States senators in thefr respective States, and they generally adhered to the line of argument used by the members of the United States Senate, whom they were supposed to represent. These discussions were animated and often acrimonious. Among the most active members were J. H. Mifflin", John S. Given, Joseph W. Fisher, Napoleon B. Wolfe, Sam- uel Evans, Alexander Caldwell,' James B. Cowden, John Frederick Houston, Stewart D. Elliot, Hugh M. North, Philip Gossler, Amos S. Green, J. G. L. Brown. This organization lasted several years.

Public Libraries.— On the 14th day of January, 1829, a number of prominent citizens subscribed va- rious sums to be expended in the purchase of books for the mutual benefit of all those concerned in a library company to be formed. The company was organized in the spring of 1829 by the election of Evan Green, president, and William Dick, secretary ; Miss Haines, librarian. A large and judicious selec- tion of books and pamphlets were purchased. Much interest was at first taken in the enterprise, but debts were accumulated gradually, and in four years from its organization the books and property of the " Co- lumbia, Pennsylvania, Library Company", \yere sold at auction to pay its debts. Enough was realized also to pay each shareholder two dollars on each share of stock, the par value of which was five dollars. The building opposite the Franklin House was occupied by the library. Herewith we publish the names of each shareholder, so far as we are able to ascertain :

Sarah UarLer.	George Haines.
Dn Al.raimm Bitner.	William Ilarrah.
E. G. BradfoiJ.	Joseph Hogentogler.
fUrist. Brenneman.	Joseph Jeffries.
He,„y B,e„neman.	Samuel Johnson.
Levi Bieniieniaii.	Joshua Kehler.
GideoT, B,e„iR-uian.	G. W. Layng.
John Baibar.	Thomas Lloyd.
Jeren.iah Bruwn.	Edward C. Lewis.
Josepli Cyttrell.	George W. C. Lloyd.
John Caniiibell.	James E. Mifflin.
Jnhn Cooper.	Samuel W. Mifflin.
Joseph Cooper.	Moses Montgomery.
Israel Cooper.	John McKissick, Jr.
James Collins.	Jacob Mathiot.
William C. Cornwell.	Samuel Mathiot.
Jacob Clyde.	William Mathiot.
Riclianl E. Cochran.	John McMullen.
William Dick.	Hugh McCorkle.
Eichard Derrick.	Henry Martin.
Peter Epley.	George Mireick.
Domiiiick E^igle.	George Peters.
51 ichael Elder.	William Poist.
Preston B. Elder.	Jacob Purkypile.
Jolm Evans.	Jacob L. Rowand.
John L. Futhey.	Charles Odell.
JohnFony, Jr.	Benjamin Peart
Evan Green.	William Todd.
Amos S. Green.	Robert Spear.
Benjamin Green.	Jalnea Sweeney.
Joseph Green.	Abraham Shirk.
John Guy.	Jacob Strickler.
Peter F. Gonter.	Henry H. Strickler.
J.acob Go^^ler.	Dr. Beaton Smith.
James Given.	Henry Y. Sla.vmaker
Owen B, Goodman.	BobcrtB. Slille.
Jacd. B. Garlier.	Henry F. Slaymaker
Elizabeth A. B. Heiso.	John L. Wright.
Peter Hald.-man.	Charles N. Wright.
Christian Haldem.in.	James Wright.
John Hoover.	Michael Way.

Joha Arms. William P. Beatty. George Beatty. Robert Barber. Owen Bruner.

John L. Boswell. Mary Bethel. Christian Bachman. Elizabeth W. Boude. George W. Boude.

1867 or 1803.

The Franklin Library was organized in the spring of 1834, John L. Boswell, secretary. The stockhold- ers purchased the books of the Columbia Library, and added tolhem a large number of new books. This was, like its predecessor, a circulating library. It flourished for a few years, and then went down rapidly. There was no public library in the place from 1836 to 1862.

In the year 1862, Samuel Shoch, president of the Columbia National Bank, donated to the public schools of Columbia five hundred dollars for the pur- pose of procuring books and establishing a library. The school board accepted this fund and established a library, and named it after its donor. This was the plant of a large and select library. Mr. Shoch has given liberally of his abundant means since, and the school board have at various times made large appro- priations and purchased several thousand volumes of choice books. They have, and it is their tluty to make, an annual appropriation for the purchase of books and meet incidental expenses. The library is now established on a permanent basis, and will become in time one of the grandest institutions in the county.

568

HISTORY OF LANCASTER COUNTY.

At present a large room on the first story of the public school building on Cherry Street has been set apart for the library. Only one danger confronts the friends of this enterprise, and that is the possibility oS fire wiping out of existence in a few hours the accumu- lated work of many years. It is hoped that there may be found in the community enough of generous- minded citizens who will, provide sutficient means to erect a fire-proof building ujion the public ground at the corner of Fifth and Locust Streets, or in that ! vicinity, that will protect this library from a calamity so disastrous.

Samuel Grove, a prominent citizen of the place, twenty or more years ago commenced to purchase books with a view of establishing a circulating library. He made additional purchases from time to time until he has several hundred volumes in his library-room on Third Street, between Locust and Cherry Streets. His books are generally of a religious cast.

Old Residents' Society.— On the 27th day of No- vember, 1S74, a number of citizens of Columbia or- ganized a society of old residents of Columbia, the object being to cherish the social interests and friendly relations by holding frequent meetings, under the name of the "Ancient Citizens of Columbia." Fol- lowing is a list of the merhbera:

Joseph M. Watts (iireaideut).	George W. Bowjer.
J. Houston Miflliu (.lecretury).	John A. Hook Mead).
S«miu-1 Sliocii (treasurer).	John S. Given.
Siimuel li. lleise.	John K.Elerleiii.
WilliumJlHtl.i..t{deaJ).	Heiuy N. Kehler.
Fruuci3 X Ziegler.	Samuel Evans.
John Frederiik Houston (dead).	Thomas E. Cochran (dead).
Samuel W. Milllin.	Samuel Nelson Houston (dead)
Jamei Barber.	Henry Wisler.
Heury BroTii.eman (dead).	Henry H. Houston.
Martin Niel.	William F. Lockard.
Harford Fralo.v.	George W. HalJeman.
Christian Brenneman (dead).	Jacob L. Gossler.
George Bogle (dead).	Jacob Ely (dead).
James Wright (dead).	Samuel Wright.
Ueury E. Wolfe.	Abn.m Bruner.

To become a member of this society a residence of fifty years is required. Several have attained an age of more than fourscore years. As will be seen from the foregoing list, their numbers are rapidly growing less.

Banking. — The Philadelphia Branch Bank was opened on the 22d day of May, 1809. John MfcKis- sick was the first cashier, and was followed by Dr. Beaton Smith. This bank did business in the brick house at the corner of Locust and Front Streets, now owned by Jacob Snyder. The Philadelphia Bank had its branch in Columbia for about fifteen years.

The great increase in the population of the State, and the trirvel incident thereto between sections di- vided by our great river, the Susquehanna, rendered it necessary to adopt other means than a ferry to ac- commodate the traveling public who desired to go to either side of this strpam ; we find, therefore, that in the onward progress of the internal improvements of

the State that the construction of bridges, although' a novel and untried enterprise, found its advocates, and was undertaken with hopeful confidence of good results; therefore, "An act authorizing the Governor of Pennsylvania to incorporate a company for the ]iurpose tif making and erecting a bridge over the river Susquehanna, in the county of Lancaster, at or near the town of Columbia," was passed by the Leg- islature and approved the 28th of March, 1809, the State being pledged therein to take ¥90,000 of the stock, '

A charter was accordingly granted by Governor Snyder on the 19th of October, 1811, and on the 23d of December following the stockholders organized liy electing as managers, viz.: William Wright, presi- cent; Thomas Boude, Samuel Bethel, James Wri-lit, Samuel Miller, John Evans, Christian Brencniaii, John Forrey, Jr., Abraham Witmer, Henry Slay- niaker, William Barber, Jacob Eichelberger, John Tomlin.son, and William P. Beatty as treasurer, and John Barber secretary.

On the 8th of July, 1812, articles of agreement were entered into with Henry Slayniaker and Samuel Slaymaker, of Lancaster County, and Jonathan Wal- cott, of Connecticut, for the erection of a bridge for the sum of §150,000, but which before its completion cost $233,000. The piers were fifty feet long, and ten feet wide at top. The spans each one hundred feet in length.

Stock to the amount of $400,000 was subscribed for, and after paying for the cost of the bridge the remaining balance was appropriated to banking pur- poses, and an ofiice of discount and deposit was opened on 5th July, 1813, and notes were printed and issued as bank notes. This proceeding being declared illegal, a charter was afterwar !s obtained on the 27th March, 1824, for the establishment of a bank under the title of" The Columbia Bridge Company," Christian Breneinan beingelected presiilent, and John McKissick, cashier. Since tlieu this title has been changed to " The Columbia Bank and Bridge Com- pany," "The Columbia Bank," and lastly, the "Co- lumbia National Bank," which it still retains, with a capital of $.500,000, having been increased from time to time from iLs original charter amount of $150,n(lii, to $250,000, i;322,.500, and in 18G4 to its present amount.

Since 1824, Christian lireneman. Christian Halde- man, John Forrey, Jr., John N. Lane, David Uine- hart, John Cooper, Col. James Meyers, Dr. Bar- ton Evans, John Coojier, George Bogle, and lastly, the present incumbent. Col. Samuel Shoch, have sev- erally acted as iiresidents, and during their .several periods of service John McKissick iictetl as CMsliier until 1832, Picr-ton B. Elder, his .successor, until ls;i9, and Col. Samuel Shoch until 1878, a period of thirty- nine years, when he was elected president, in which capacity he still ofllciates, although in the eighty- seventh year of his sige.

/'( \r~(--

f

BOROUGH OF COLUMBIA.

5G9

: In 1832 the bridge was carried away by an ice fresliet, and rebuilt at an expenditure of $157,300 ind the debris nf the old bridge. In June, 1863, the bridge, as rebuilt, was burned as a military necessity under an order from Gen. Couch, commandant of the Susquehanna divi-ion of the Federal army, to pre- vent the rebels from croj_»ing, as the best protection for Eastern Pennsylvania. Tlie bank, owning the bridge, sold the piers and the abutments, with the franchises as a bridge company, to the Pennsylvania Railroad Company for $57,000, and has therefore sus- tained a loss of §100,000, for which a claim has been preferred against the United States government with hopes of its being allowed.

The First National Bank was organized in IMay, 1863, with a capital of $100,000. President, Ephraim Hershey; Cashier, S. S. Detweiler. This bank in- creased its capital to $200,000, and its surplus amounts to $40,000. The present officers are Hugh M. North, Esq., president; S. S. Detweiler, cashier. The bank building is located at the southeast corner of Locust and Second Streets. The amount of deposits is very large, and the bank is in a prosperous condition.

E. K. Smith & Co.'s banking house is located at the northwest corner of Locust and Second Streets. lUi capital unlimited. The members of the tirm are E. K. Smith and Christian E. Graybill.

The Columbia Deposit Bank was organized' in March, 1870, with E. K. Smith, president, and C. E. Graybill, cashier. This bank closed in 1880. . The Dime Savings Bank was organized in 1869. The treasurers were Samuel Allison and Ephraim Hershey. The bank suspended business in 1880. . CoL. Samuel Shoch.— Michael Shoch, the grand- father of Col. Samuel, was a native of Germany, and on his emigration to America settled near Philadel- phia. He had several cliildren, among whom was John, whose birth occurred at the paternal home near Philadelphia. He in 1792 removed to Harrisburg, Dauphin Co., and there remained until his death in 1842. He married Miss Salome Gilbert, of Philadel- phia, and had children,— Mary , Sarah, Rebecca, Eliza, Cassandra, Samuel, John, Jacob, and one who died in childhood. Samuel, whose life is here briefly •ketclied, was born in Harrisburg, May 28, 1797. His career covers some of the most eventful periods in pur national history, and has been so closely identified with local events that it forms an inseparable ))art of them. His early education was commenced at pre- paratory schools before the establishment of the pres- , fnt school system, and continued at the Nottingham ! Academy, Cecil Co., Md. His further education and preparation for professional life were the result of > pergonal application directed only by himself

As early as 1812 he was recorder of patents under John Cochran, secretary of the land-office, and re- corder of surveys in (he office -of Andrew Porter, then surveyor-general. In September, 1S14, he joined (be Harrisburg Artillerists, a company formed within

twenty-four hours after the British had burned the capitol at Washington, and was the youngest man in the four companies that volunteered from Harrisburg on that occasion. The company marched to York and thence to Baltimore, and remained on duty there until the British withdrew and abandoned their con- templated attack on that city.

In May, 1817, he began the study of law under Hon. Amos Ellmaker, attorney-general, and was ad- mitted to the Dauphin County bar in 1820. He was always aggressive, and as a young lawyer displayed great energy and fearlessness in prosecuting what he believed to be wrong.. He took an active part in an unsuccessful attempt to impeach Judge Franks, of the Lebanon and Dau]ihin district, for alleged oflenses.

In 1835 he was elected clerk of the House of Rep- resentatives by a union of the Whig and Anti-Masonic members, defeating Francis R. Shunk, the Democratic candidate. In 1837 he was secretary to the conven- tion which gave us the Constitution under which Pennsylvania lived from 1838 to 1873, and at the adjournment of that body was unanimously thanked. The colonel finds special pleasure in recounting his services with that body.

In 1839 he cast his fortunes with Columbia, and went theVe to live, having been elected cashier of the Columbia Bank and Bridge Company. The company had a nominal capital of $150,000, but actually not more than $80,000 to $100,000, as a bridge costing more than $175,000 had been swept away by an ice freshet in 1832, and the loss had not been wholly made up. The capital was afterwards increased, first to $250,000, and in 1837 to $322,500, with a change of title to Columbia Bank. In 18G5 the bank ac- cepted the national bank law and became the Colum- bia National Bank, with a capital of $500,000, at which it still remains, with a surplus fund of $150,- OOO. He has thus maintained official relations with the corporation as itsj;ashier and president for forty- four years, during a period the events of which are matters of local history.

Col. Shoch was, in 1842, married to Mrs. Hannah Evans, daughter of Amos Slaymaker, of Lancaster County, who was the leading manager of the line of stages between Philadelphia and Pittsburgh. Her death having occurred in March, 18G0, he contracted a second alliance in August, 1805, with Miss Anna E., daughter of Robert Barber, of Columbia, Pa.

In 1848, Col. Shoch was appointed aid to Governor William Johnson, which by courtesy conferred upon him the title of colonel, a title by which he is better known than by his Christian name.

In 1800 the colonel was a member of the State committee of the Republican party, and a delpfiatc to the National Convenlion at Chicago which nomi- nated Abraham Lincidn, the martyr President.

During the war he was foremost in deeds of charity and patriotism, ami i)rcscNtcd to the first company formed in Columbia a beantilul and costly silk flag.

til^W

570

HISTORY OF LANCASTER COUNTY.

He always took a warm interest in our public schools, and through his active exertions and liberal dona- tions the"Shocli Library," in honor of its patron, was established.

Col. Shoch also took an active interest in local en- terprises, and was at one and the same time president of the Columbia Gas and Water Companies, the Old Public Ground Company, and the Marietta, Chestnut Hill and Washington Turnpike-Road Companies. He was also treasurer of the Reading and Columbia Railroad Company, but resigned in 1862, before going abroad on a continental tour. He was for ten years president of the school board of the borough of Columbia, during which period a spacious edifice,

version is his violin, an instrument of unusual excel- lence, which affords hira many happy hours.

With a mind fresh and vigorous, and with a. re- markable activity of body and buoyancy of step, he has reasonable expectations of passing many more years of usefulness.

Newspapers. — Tlie Susquehanna Waterman was started in the year 1811 by Thomas A. Wilson, a practical printer, who learned his trade in the bor- ough of York. He established a printing-office in a one-story frame building which stood on the north side of Locust Street below Second Street. In the following year he purchased a half lot of ground oa

all

the south side of Locust Street, nearly opposite his devoted to the use of the public schools, was erected, frame shop. Upon this lot he erected a three-story He served a term as director of the poor of Lancaster brick house, to which he moved his printing-press, County, two terms as county auditor, was a trustee of etc. He probably used the third story of this build- the Millersville Normal School, and director of the ing for an office, for he did not plaster the walls. Wrightsville, York and Gettysburg Railroad. If i The reaction in business and values of all kind after responsible official positions are a measure of public \ the war of 1812-15 left hira stranded, and his prop- erty was sold to James Cyde, Esq., in the year 1818, Mr. Wilson returned to York, thence to one of the Southern States, where he remained for many years, Some of his descendants reside in Wrightsville, York Co.

William Greear published a small newspaper in Lancaster called the Hire in 1804. He removed his job-printing press, etc., to Columbia in the year 1812. In the winter of 181-1-15 he was elected printer of the

confidence, then Col. Shoch was favored abov his fellow-citizens.

The colonel was always an active worker in the Sunday-school cause. In the early part of his profes- sional career he was both a teacher and superin- tendent of the Sunday-school of the Lutheran Church iu Harrisburg. Within the last ten years his jfouthful

enthusiasm for the cause has been specially ened, and his active services as teacher of a Bible class in the Columbia Fifth Street Presbyterian Sunday- school, together with the erection, furnishing, and en- dowment of their beautiful chapel (named "Salome" in honor of his mother), attests the sincerity of his motives. In 1854, and for several years thereafter, he maintained at his own expense a public night- school, employed teachers, and furnished books, etc., for the benefit of apprentices and other young persons who could not attend school during the day, and was [ ing, and happily rewarded by finding the school well attended. | months Many of the pupils since grown up have become prominent and well-to-do citizens, who gratefully ac- knowledge the advantages they derived from the enterprise.

is been uniformly and radically great admirer of Tliaddcus Ste-

accord with Reiiublicau adminis-

lu politics he h anti-Democratic, a vens, and is in full tration.

The colonel's ha and even now, whe

been an eventful and busy life, he has just crossed the threshold of his eighty-sixth year, not a single duty is neg- lected, not a responsibility evaded, and not au energy relaxed.

Having faithfully performed the duties of cashier of the Columbia National Bank for a period of thirty- nine years, he was, in December, 1878, elected its president, and notwithstanding his age, continues his routine of duties, beginnin<f at eight o'clock iu the morning and remaining to witness the settlement of all accounts after the bank closes. His principal di-

" Rolls" by the Legislature, and he removed his printing-press to Harrisburg. He returned to Co- lumbia and commenced the publication of a newspa- per called The Columbian on the 24th day of July, 1819, in a two-story brick building he purchased from Dr. Eberle. Alter publishing eighteen numbers it was suspended for want of support. After six or eight months it was revived. It was not self-sustain- ,' its publication ceased altogether in a few I moiuns. He reftioved his printing-press to Washing- ' ton, D. C. He was a Quaker and a person of strict integrity. The C'u/umbian w^as published in 1840 by Thomas Taylor, and edited by N. B. Wolfe. The editor wrote a romance called the "Bandit," which ran through several numbers of the paper, which seems to have knocked the life out of the paper. Be- fore the story was completed the pai)er ceased to exist.

The Monitor was established by Dr. William F, Houston on the 24th day of April, 1823. It was printed in Dr. Houston's dwelling, now owned by Theodore Urban, on Locust Street below Second, Like the Columbian, it was neutral in politics. It was strongly religious iu tone. It was published severai years.

The Columbian Couranl was established by Scheaff ] & Heinitsh, who purchased the press and type be- longing to the Pioneer in Marietta and brought it to Columbia. They sold out to John L. Boswcll, a young printer who came from the State of Connect!-

BOROUGH OF COLUMBIA.

cut, who, on the 3d day of June, 1830, commenced the publication of tlie Columbia Spy and Literary Beyister, wliich was neutral until June 23, 1831, when its title was changed to Columbia Spy and Lan- caster and York County Record, and the "Henry Clay" banner was nailed to its head, with the "American System" inscribed upon it. For that period in the history of journali.sm it was ably con- ducted, and was devoted to the interests of Henry Clay, whom the editor desired to he President of the United States. On the 6th day of July, 1833, the paper was enlarged to twenty by thirty inches. In 1834, Mr. Boswell and Carpenter McGleery, of Lan- caster, established the Lancaster Union, published in that city. The editor of the Spy gave a portion of his time to that jiaper. On the 24th day of May, 1834, Thomas E. Cochran took formal charge of the editorial department of the Spy. In the spring of 1836, Mr. Boswell sold the Spy to Preston B. Elder, ■ cashier of the Columbia Bank and Bridge Company, and purchased the Hartford Courant, and removed to Hartford, Conn. Ercurius Beatty published the Spy for the proprietor from that time to September, 1837, when it was published by E. Beatty & Co. Under the editorial management of Mr. Elder the paper obtained a high rank among the literary papers in the country. He was an accomplished writer and poet.

After Mr. Elder's death in 1839, Theodore D. Cochran, who was then an apprentice in the ofhce, took editorial management of the paper. He devel- oped great talent as a political writer, and liad few equals among his editorial brethren. While yet in his minority he took charge of the Old Guard in 1840, an Anti-Masonic paper, established in Lan' caster in 1839. Evan Green, the administrator of Mr. Elder (who died in 1839), sold tlie paper to James Patton, collector of tolls at the canal basin, who changed its name to the Columbia Spy and Lan- caster and York County Democrat. It advocated the election of Martin Van Buren for President. In 1842, Mr. E. Maxson was taken into partnership, and in the spring of 1843, Eli Bowen and Jacob L. Gossler purchased the paper. They were both minors, but young men of ability. In the fall of

1844, Mr. Bowen started the Protector, a taritf paper, and sold his interest in the Spy to Charles J. Barnitz, of York, who also purchased Mr. Gosslor's interest in

1845. In June, 1847, Charrick Westbrook purchased . the ,§/>(/, and Dec. 11, 1847, William H. Spangler pur- chased an interest in the paper. In the summer of 1848 they sold to George W. Schroyer, who sold to

'Eshlenian, Kammerer & Gochenauer in 1849, who sold to J. G. L. Brown in 1850. In 1853 it was pub- lished by Brown & Greene, who sold to Coleman J. 'Bull in 185.5. In 185G it was purchased by Stephen 'Greene (Mr. Brown taking a position in Forney's ' /Vesa office), who sold to Safnuel Wright in 1857, was appointed to a position on Gen. Thomas ^V\■lsl^s etaff, and went into the army. He sold to Andrew

M. Rambo in 1863, who on Sept. 4, 1869, sold to Maj. • James W. Yocum, the present proprietor. It is a conservative Republican paper and conducted with ability^

The Columbia Daily Spy was started by A. M. Rambo & Son in 1868, and was published for a period of eighteen months. It was Republican in politics.

The Pennsylvania Courant was started in 1837 by Henry Montgomery. Ercurius Beatty subsequently became the publisher and proprietor. It lived until 1843. During the gubernatorial canvass of 1838 this paper was particularly strong in its political depart- ment.

The Protector was started by Eli Bowen and Jacob L. Gossler in March, 1843. As its name implies, it was a devoted advocate of the cause of protection and the election of Henry Clay to the Presidency. After a few numbers were published Jlr. Gossler retired, and sold his interest to Mr. Bowen, who became edi- tor, publisher, and carrier. He had but little money, and often not the means to procure a meal. He would go barefooted, and often sleep in an outhouse when out of money. He walked to Lancaster, and purchased an old Ramage press from Hugh Ma.xwell, and two hundred pounds of type, on trust. He struck off an edition of one thousand copies, and carried his papers to Lancaster and neighboring towns, and sold the entire number, which put him upon " his feet." He bid fair to be one of the best newspaper men in the country, but he was erratic, and did not tread the paths of journalism for a period longer than four or five years. The Protector lived but six months.

The Water-Spout was started during the height of the Washingtonian temperance movement, and was devoted to that cause. James Klinedriest was pub- lisher and Theodore D. Cochran editor. It lived but six moiUhs.

The Columbian was started by Charrick Westbrook in 1846, and pubHshed by him until he purchased the Spy in 1847, when it was merged in the latter.

The Columbia Herald was astablished in December, 18G7. Several leading men in the Democratic party subscribed a sum sutiicient to start a paper, and George Young, Jr., who was then an officer in the Columbia j Fire Insurance Company, was chosen as editor. He I became sole owner. Sir. Young, Jr., sold an interest in the paper to W. Hayes Grier in 1873, and subse- quently to that time it was published by Grier & Modcrwell. Several years ago Mr. Grier purchased Moderwell's interest, and is now sole proprietor and editor. Mr. Grier has been recently appointed su- perintendent of the State printing-office at Harrisburg. He was a private in the late war (see military chnpter). He is also justice of the peace for the Second Ward, Columbia.

The Daily Tcleyram was started by Frank S. Taft in 1869. It lived about two monlh.s.

The Democrat was slarted in llie summer of 1872 by W. Hayes tirier. It advocated the election of

HISTORY OF LANCASTER COUNTY.

Horace Greeley for President, and was discontinued in November, 1872.

The Weekli/ Courant was started by Andrew !M. Rambo & Son in 1870, and is now published by the former. It is an ably-conducted paper, and is radical Republican in politics.

Foundries and Machine-Shops. —The expansion

of the iron interest in this plare ui]il vicinity since the first machine-slinp was erected, t'orty-seven years ago, is truly wonderful. In the year 1836, Jeffrey Smedley and Thomas Hood, of Cliester County, started a small machine-shop at the canal basin. The first steam-engine built in the county was the one they built to drive their machinery. The firm was dissolved in September, 1837, and the business was then carried on by Mr. Smedley. He manufactured stationary engines and machine work generally, and in this was greatly aided by the establishment of a foundry near his shop. He carried on business at that place until 1850, when he purchased the old Shultz Brewery, a large four-story stone building, situated on Second Street below Union, and converted it into a machine-shop. A short time after this pur- chase he took his son-in-law, Henry Brandt, into partnership. In September, 1854, Mr. Smedley died of cholera, then raging in Columbia. Mr. Brandt continued the business until October, 1857, when a stock company, entitled the Columbia Manufactur- ing Company, look possession of the property, and added a foundry thereto. The members of this com- pany were Henry Brandt, Thomas R. and Ziuinierman Supplee, brothers, who came from Brid'.'('()ort, Mont- gomery Co., Pa., where they had been carrying on the business for several years. They removed all of their machinery from there to the works in Columbia, which greatly increased the facilities of this estab- lishment. The company arrangement was not suc- cessful, having carried on the works at a period of great depression in business. The Supplee Brothers leased the works and built up a large trade. Finding their buildings and ground limited in extent, they sold this property and purchased a large tract near the Columbia and Reading Railroad, at Fourth Stj-eet, where they erected larger and more extensive works in 1870. A few years ago a stock company was formed, called the Supplee Iron Company, under which, name it is now conducted.

In the year 18.37 Frederick Baugher and George Wolf, residents of York, Pa., formed a copartnership, and erected a foundry at the canal basin. When rail- roads were first built, in order to get around the curves without slipping it was necessary to have one loo.se wheel upon every axle. James Wright, Jr., of Columbia, conceived the idea of making a wheel with a beveled tread, lie erected a circular railroad upon John L. Wright's lot, upon which he experimented. When Baugher and Wolf staVtcd their foundry they were the first in the country to manufacture car- wheels under Mr. \Vright's patent. This firm also

invented a wheel with solid hubs and concave and convex plates in 1837. Previous to that time all car- wheels were made with split hubs with spokes. Mr, Bau>«her, being an Anti-Mason, obtained a good deal ' of State work under Governor Ritner's administra- tion, and when David R. Porter was elected Governor,, in 1838, George \\'iiU', who was a Democrat, obtained a share of the State work. Mr. Baugher retired from the firm in 1839.

Samuel Truscott, who was their principal pattern- maker, and to whom this firm was indebted for some of their inventions and the excellent work they turned out, came from Baltimore, JId., to work for them in 1837, and was taken into partnership by Mr. Wolf oa the 1st day of May, 184G. Mr. Wolf died in 1859, when the firm was dissolved and Mr. Truscott retired; and in a few years embarked in the coal-oil refining business where the Columbia Stove- Works now stand. After the removal of Mr. Smedley's machine-shop to Second Street, Wolf and Truscott erected a large ma-, chine-shop adjoining their foundry. These works were carried on by the heirs of George Wolf until Feb. 1, 1871, when they were sold to the Messrs. Per- rottet and Hoyt. In the year 1872 they sold their property to the Pennsylvania Railroad Company to make room for their new round-house. The firm purchased property in the rear of the round-house fronting on Bridge Street, where they erected larger and more extensive works.

James Perrottet was a bound apprentice to the late firm of Jlerrick & Son, of Philadelphia, lie after- wards went to the State of Louisiana and thence to the West Indies, where he erected anil look charge of nuichinery in sugar-mills built by him. Their spe- cialty has been the manufacture of sugar machinery for Cuba and other sugar-making countries.

William J. Hoyt also learned his trade in Phila- delphia, and worked lor Merrick & Son. He was pro- moted by that firm to various positions, and remained with them until they sold their works in 1870.

There is a machine-shop connected with the Keeley Stove-Works which manufactures small stationary engines, and is conducted by Zimmerman Supplee, which is a separate establishment from the stove- works. Their business is increasing, and the works in the near future are to be enlarged.

Saw-Mills.— Jacob Strickler erected a saw-mill on the bank of the river, a short distance above Fair- view Grist-Mill, about the year 1818. A wing wall -ras built some distance up the river from the mill, which caught the current. There was only two or three feet fall of water. When the dam was con- structed across the river, in 1838, for the Susquehanna and Tide- Water Canal, thi.s mill was taken away, and another and much larger one built a short distance farther down the river. A sluice was left in the breast of the dam, which gave a greatly-increased I power. This mill has been rebuilt and enlarged by ' its present owner, Frederick S. Bletz.

BOROUGH OF COLUMBIA.

573

. In 1830, John McKissick, Jr., John Forry, Jr., and Samuel B. Hise erected a saw-mill along the river shore, a short distance above the present outlet-locks at the canal, in the northwestern section of the bor- ough. The falls were called Little Conewago. A wing wall was built which gave about three feet fall of water. It was jjartially destroyed repeatedly by floods in the river. It was torn down in 1847, and a new mill built by Dr. J. J. and J. S. Grier & Co., which was wholly run by steam-power. After the public works were sold by the State, the mill was torn down, they having to depend entirely upon the pat- ronage awarded them by their party friends.

In 1844, Jonathan Pusey built a saw-mill at the mouth of Shawanese Run, which was run by steam- power. It was afterwards owned by his son Isaac, after whose death, fifteen years ago, it was sold to Abraham Bruner, and about ten years ago it was torn down and a much larger mill was built by Abraham and Cyrus Bruner along the river shore, close by the , old mill-site.

Planing-Mills.— The first planing-mill was built ( on the south side of Union Street, between Second and Third Streets, by Jacob F. Markley & Co. This mill was built in 1837. The Daniels patent planer was used. The grooves and tongues of the flooring were made entirely with a series of circular saws. The Woodvvorth patent rotary planer entirely super- seded this mode of making flooring. The mill build- ing was converted into a lamp-black manufactory by

J.H.Mifflin. The place Ing-houses.

In 1850, Joseph Pownall Drauclier, and John B. Ba

y^

;s now occupied by dwell-

Joseph Dickinson, Hiram duiian leased ground from John L. Wright at the rear end of his mansion, and erected a planing-mill, where not only flooring- boards were manufactured but all kinds of house-car- penter work. The mill was removed farther away from the railroad to make room for more tracks, and finally taken down and rebuilt along the river shore. It is and has been for years owned wholly by John B. Bachmau, Esq. It is now one of the best-equipped phming-mills in the State. The business is conducted by John B. Bachman and John Forry.

In 1881, Edward Smith erected a planing-mill on the river shore above Union Street. Additions have been made since its erection, and new aud niideru machinery is constantly being added to it, and in a few years it will rank among the best iu the State.

Frederick S. Bletz erected a planing-mill below the mouth of Shawanese Run, along Front Street, in the year 1848. All kindsof building material are also xnnnuractured at this establishment. It has been in 'ijiprntion 6ver since, and is still owned by Mr. Bletz.

Michael Liphart erected a planing-mill at the cor- ner of Lawrence aud Second Streets in 1870, which waa destroyed by fire some years ago, and has not Leen rebuilt. ■ The Keeley Stove- Works, located on the corner of

Second and Maple Streets, were erected in the sum- mer and fall of 1882. They are operated by a stock company, whose charter was dated May 5, 1882, with a ca^iital stock of §100,000, and subsequently in- creased to §150,000. The works have a capacity of twenty thousand stoves per annum, and employ in their manufacture nearly two hundred men. The following-named persons are the present otBcers of the company : President, George W. Haldeman ; Treasurer, S. S. Detwiler ; Secretary, J. W. Ziller; Manager, W. H. Pfahler.

Tanneries. — Samuel A. Atlee, son of Col. Samuel John Atlee, erected a tannery on Shawanese Run near the Lancaster turnpike in 1798, which he sold

to William Todd a few years later. He sold to

Houston and Joseph Mifliin. On the 13th day of March, 1835, it was entirely destroyed by fire. It was rebuilt by them, and in a few years they sold out to Andrew John, who sold the property to the Chestnut Hill Iron Ore Company.

John Hollinger erected a tannery on the same run on the north side of the Lancaster turnpike about the year 18l)6. The establishment is a very large one. Mr. Hollinger also erected an additional curry ing- shop farther down the stream, at Fourth Street.

The Columbia Water Company was organized under an act of Assembly approved the 29th of JLay, 1823. William Wright was made president. The company met with but indifl'erent success, and failed to answer the expectations of the people. In 1858, after being in operation for thirty-four years without making a dividend or furnishing a proper supply of water for domestic use, the company was compelled to make an assignment for the payment of debts, and some time during that year the charter, with franchises and all the property, was sold at public auction to Samuel Shoch for fifteen thou.sand three hundred and fifty dollars, when a new organization was made.

The new company by an expenditure of more than $100,000 has erected a dam, two large reservoirs, with important improvements, and laid through the streets of Columbia large iron pipes in place of the smaller ones laid by the old company, by which the several steam-engines for the extinguishment of fires and other machinery requiring water can be abundantly supplied as well as the demands for domestic use. A full quantity of excellent water is drawn from natural springs north of the town and also from the Susiiue- hanna River.

The capital has been enlarged to the sum of $100,000, and the all'airs of the company are man- aged by Samuel Shoch, president; Joseph H. Black, Col. Wm. W. McClure, Samuel Truscott, K. A. Fon- dersmitU, James A. Meyers, and W. Latimer Small, directors; Simon C. May, secretary and treasurer; W. B. Foeseg, superintendent.

Columbia Gas Company. — By act of Assembly of lOth April, 18,31, the Columbia Gas Company was char- tered, and, after erecting suitable buildings, went into

574

HISTORY OF LANCASTER COUNTY.

operation for the purpose of making and supplying gas. Samuel W. Miiflin was elected president, and Amos Slaymal^er Green treasurer and secretary. The capital was at first s37,500, but afterwards increased to $60,000, at which it remains. I. G. Hess was at one time president. In 1865, Samuel Shoch was elected president, and still continues in that office. In 1874 the Lowe process of making gas out of oil was intro- duced, by the use of new apparatus and machinery, and thus far has proved an entire success. The gas produced is of the best quality. The company is at present under the management of Samuel Shoch, president; H. M. North, Samuel Truscott, H. F. Bruner, William W. McClure, Charles H. Henkle, C. E. Graybill; Charles H. Henkle, secretary and treas- urer; Robert Beecher, superintendent.

Riots.— From the day the manumitted slaves of Isard Bacon and others, of Virginia, located in Co- lumbia (in 1818-19) their numbers were largely in- creased from that source, and fugitives from human bondage in their flight to a land of freedom^— who were not a few — tarried with them, and thus increased the number of colored people to more than a thou- sand. They did all the labor for the lumber mer- chants along the river during the most profitable and busy seasons of the year. This excited the envy and hatred of not a few white people.

Stephen Smith, who was born a slave iif Paxton, and was purchased for a limited lime (until he ar- rived at the age of twenty-eight years) by Gen. Thomas Boude in 1802, was a bright and intelligent boy, and he soon developed a business talent not easily checked in an ambitious youth. Before he was nineteen years of age Gen. Boude gave him the entire management of his lumber-yard, and in the same year he was clan- destinely married to a beautiful mulatto girl, who re- sided in the family of Jonathan Mifflin, lie proposed to Gen. Boude to buy the remainder of his servitude, and that gentleman agreed to take one hundred dol- lars. He went to his frien<l John Barber and told him of his designs, when that large-hearted gentle- man handed him one hundred dollars. He pur- chased his freedom, and then, with fifty dollars he had saved by doing extra work, he commenced to buy a little lumber and speculate in every venture in which he could turn a penny to profit. His profits increased rapidly until he owned one of the' largest lumber-yards along the shore. He also invested money in real estate, and whenever a property was offered for sale he was one of the foremost and liveliest bidders. In the height of his prosperity, in 1834, he was served with the following notice :

" Yon hove Hgnln aaaentbled yourself among thu white people to bid up properly, ftM you have Leen in the habit of doing for a Duntber of yeiuH buck. You uiu^t know that your presence la not agieeable, and the less you appear in the assembly of the \vhltes the better it wiH be for your black hide, as there are a great uniny In this place that would think your absence from it a benefit, as you are considered an injury to

To this he gave but little attention. James Wright, William Wright, and John L. Wright promptly of- fered a reward for the detection of the author of this notjce. In the spring of 1834 there had been a num- ber of riots in several cities in the Northern States against-the colored people. Excitement ran high everywhere.

On the 11th day of August, 1834, some person or persons broke into Smith's office, which stood oa Front Street, a short distance below the round- house, and destroyed his books and papers. This was a great loss to him, but one that he could bear. He stood up manfully for his rights, and did uot quail before the men whom he was well assured were en- couraging a clamor against him and invoking mob law. This lawless feeling against a worthy colored man, who was not to be " browbeaten" or drivea away by threats of personal violence, was turned against his less courageous colored I'riends who resided in the northeastern section of the town. On the 16th, 17th, and 18th of August, 1834, a mob drove the col- ored people from their homes and destroyed much' of their property. They fled to the hills surrounding the town and to Bethel's Woods for safety, and some of them remained there several days without shelter or food. David Miller, high sheriff' of the county, swore in a large number of " deputies," who wont from Lancaster to Columbia and arrested a number of persons supposed to be the leaders in the riots, They were tried, but none of them were convicted and sent to prison as they deserved to be.

Mr. Smith removed to Philadelphia in 1842, where he engaged in business. He also retained his lumber- yard in Columbia, and gave William Whipple, a col- ored man, who resided in Columbia, an interest.

First Steamboat on the Susquehanna.— On Sat- urday evening of June 11, 1825, the first steamboat that attempted to navigate the Susquehanna River from its mouth to its source arrived unexpectedly at this place. The following day was spent in taking pleasure-parties to " Big Island," " Goose Island," etc. The citizens turned out in a body to witness the novel sight. The churches were all closed, and the Sabbath-schools presented an array of empty benches. It required several days to bring the boat from the mouth of the river to this point. Between these points the distance is forty-five miles, and the river at Columbia is two hundred and sixty feet higher than the head of tide-water, which is five miles above the mouth of the river. The channel is tortuous and rocky, and at that time it was exceedingly dangerous for any craft to attempt to navigate the stream againsj the current. Men ran out to the rocks on shore in advance of the boat in canoes, with anchors, to which i ropes were attached, and on the bow of the boat the other end of the rope was fastened to a capstan, and the boat was " warped" over the most dangerous places. The boat left Columbia on Tue.sday, the 14th of June, 1825, and it reiiuired three days to get it

BOROUGH OF COLUMBIA.

1760640

575

through Little Conewago Falls, above the outlet lock, and at Chikis Rock. The citizens of Marietta welcomed its arrival with booming of cannon and fire- works. The boat was taken up the river as tar at Wilkesbarre, where the boiler exploded and de- stroyed it.

Asiatic Cholera. — Columbia was suddenly visited by this dreadful disease in September, 1854, and it i raged with great fury for ten days, and threatened | at the height of the epidemic to destroy the entire ] population. It was confined entirely to the town, and was altogether one of the most remarkable epi- demics in this country of which history gives any account. The month of August and first week in September of that year was unusually dry and hot. On Thursday, September 7th, a warm wind came across the river from the south, wafting noisome odors, which was supposed to come from the decaying vege- table matter in the river. This was a subject of re- mark, and many citizens thought it foreboded no good for the health of the people. They anticipated malaria only, and never dreamed of the impending danger, which visited the town almost as suddenly and unexpectedly as a bolt of lightning.

When the railroad cars came from Philadelphia in the evening of Sept. 7, 1854, they left a family of emigrants. Two of them were sick, father and son, and they were taken to an unoccupied dwelling on Front Street. Physicians were called to attend them, and they pronounced the disease Asiatic, cholera. Two or three citizens waited upon them during the night. The father died in the morning, and the son Bome time during the day.

No uneasiness was felt on the part of the citizens, and the death of these two emigrants caused but little remark. On Friday, the 8th of September, Francis Bradley, a notary public and worthy citizen, was taken sick suddenly with the disease, and in an hour or two he was a corpse. When Saturday morn- ing, the 9th, dawned it found its citizens in a panic. During Friday night many [lersons were seized with the disease, and when daylight came long processions of men, with despair or an.xiety depicted upon every countenance, were hurrying to the drug-stores or to the physicians. The disease spared neither age or sex, rich or poor, high or low in society, but swept all before it. '

The large list of deaths on Saturday and Sunday attest the severity of the disease. On Sunday the hegira of the citizens commenced, and half of the population fled from the place. Fortunately for them and the country the disease did not spread any far- ther, although there were many cases in Pittsburgh, brought there by some emigrants who came to this country witii those that were left with the disease in Columbia. A number of physicians came from other places to assist those here. Several citizens distin- guished themselves by their benevolence and untiring efforts in behalf of the sick. There was one who de-

serves special mention. I refer to Daniel R. Craven, . who volunteered as nurse, and was a most faithful one.' A number of persons apparently in good health were taken sick suddenly on the street, and in an hour afterwards they were dead. A large number of those whose names we give were taken sick, died, and were buried on the same day. Following is a list of the victims of tliis e|)idemic:

Francis Bradley, Frout Streel.

Salu Hubert Spnrtt3, Fourth Street. Mrs. Williiiin Hippey, Cherry

Street. E. A. Howard, Frout Street. Dr. E. E. Cochran, Walnut Street. J. J. Strickler, Hrrr's hutel.

H. H. Liclity, Locust Street. Samuel Hiukle, Uniou Street. James Keely, Harkius' tavern. Mi^. S. Lysle, Laurens Street. Mrs. Samuel Atkenfl, Laurens

Street. John Gilbert, Terry Street.

Jliss Ann Harnly, Locust Street. Mrs. Steliheji Feli,\, Fourth Street Mrs. C. David, Union Street. John Boyd, Locust Street. Charles Beuner, at Jacob Hardy's,

Uui(

Pete

, Perry Street, at Miuich's ta'

Margaret L. Hagau, Walnut Street. Charles Jackson (colored). Webster Fox (colored). Malhias Neidiuger, Union Street, at Mack's brewery.

Simon Snyder, Front Street.

Mrs. J. W. Shuman, Front Street.

Mrs. Jacob Crosby, Union Street.

Mrs. Harris, Perry Street.

Mrs. Elder, Third Street.

Mrs. William Rees, Clierry Street.

Mi-s. B. Dick, Second Street.

Sunday.

Richard Costello, Union i Miss Margaret Fi.her,

t G. Bran

1 tav-

Street. William Waitcs, Third Street A German, name unknown, hoB-

am Wye (colored), las Goodman (colored).

Lorenzo Krab, Third Street William Carson, Enny's office. Mrs. Shillo, Tliird Street Mrs. Eli Derrick, Locust Street. Mrs. Clarissa Eicliards, Third

Street. 1 unknown.

Samuel Bough, Frout Street. I

Monday. Mis. Catharine Swartz, Perry. J. W.Shumau's child. Front Street.

Bernard Campbell, Union Street An Englishman, name unknown, Mrs.EIton Kimburg, Tliird Street hospital.

John Mieaberger, liospitaT. Henry Barney (colored).

Mrs. Payr Mrs. H. K

s'8 child, Walnut Street Minich, Front S(reet.

Tutedai/.

John Kidders, Locust Street Jesse Harry, Cherry Street. Hannah Wilson, Clierry Street Evan Green, Front Street. Henry Davis (colored).

Wednendiiif.

Henry Smith's son, Locust Street A. M. Haines. Manor township. George Boyd's child, Cherry Street. John Kingbell, Fourth Street Mrs. Waltmau, at Lancaster. George Beaver'B child, Locust

Alwels Leilfinger, hospital.

Samuel Reed's child, Cherry Street Mrs. Ziegler, Walnut Street. Mrs. George Plumni, Union Street A German, name unknown, hos- pital. A German and child, names un-

i disease and

HISTORY OF LANCASTER COUNTY.

Thuredaij. J. W.Shunian'scliild, Front Street. Anna Parker (colored), hospital, Sarah Hall (colored), hosiiital. I Michael Baker, Walnut Street.

Fridai/. William Bell, Perry Street. [ Mrs. Hippy, CHierry Street.

Mrs. Sweeny, Fourth Street. GeorgeSheueberger, York Conuty.

William McBride, Third Street. j John Fotch, licspital. Mrs. E. Wright, Germautown. , Jauiea Brown, Locust Street.

Mrs. Odell, Walnut Street. '-

Saturday, John Craig's child, Cherry Street. I Mrs. Evans, corner Fourth and Zachariah Kichard, Front Street. Cherry Streets.

Jeffrey Smedley, Charlestown, | Timothy Toole, hospital.

Chester Co.

Suudaij. Samuel Baldwin, Fourth Street. j Mrs. George W. James McKeever, outlet lock. hurg.

John Jordon'schild, Fourth Street. '

.tJoy. lie, Harri

Monday.

: I William Pearson, Chestnut Hill.

John Kock, St. Charles Furnai Sol. Turner (coloied).

Tueadai,. Mrs. Lentze, Pequea. i Leonard Kock, St. Charh

Julin Shaffer, at Brandt's. AlOert White (hoy), cau,i

Frederick Snyder, Locust Street.

Wednei

iel Zahm, Locust Street. . Jarvis, Locust Street. . Mary Grismeyer, liospital.

J u Slmnian's child, Front Str^

Irish child, canal 1

Sunday. Mrs, Morrison, Laurens Street. 1 John naniiltun's boy, canal basin.

Railroad Strike. — In the early part of the summer of 1877 there was a great deal of agitation among railroad employes all over the country. Secret or- ganizations were formed in every town and city bor- dering along the trunk lines of the great railways, wliich embraced very nearly all employes of the sev- eral railroads, day laborers only excepted. The sev- eral classes of employ^ had distinct and separate organizations, and worked under variou.s titles, but all had one common object, to wit, the securing of more remunerative wages, and helping each other in case of sickness, etc. The aggregate number belong- ing to these several societies embraced many thou- sands. In July, 1877, the Baltimore and OlJio Rail- road Company declined to accede to a demand made by some of their employe's, and the latter suddenly quit work. The news was flashed over every tele- graph wire in the country, and gradually others quit work for this company. The members of the different secret societie.^ sympathized with their friends along the Ilallimore and Ohio Railroad, and were carried away by the excitement of the hour, and were drawn into the "strike." There was no outward indication that the storm started in Virginia was about to burst upon the Pennsylvania and Heading Railroad t'om- panies.

On Saturday, July 21, 1877, the employ^j com« nienoed to "strike" at Harrisburg, and on Sunday; July 22, Columbia received the shock, and the engineers and others refused to permit the moving of any freight trains.

A nTass-meeting, composed of railroad employ^, numbering several hundred, met on the same evening at the public ground below the bridge. Committees were appointed whose duty it was to obstruct entirely the movement of the rolling-stock of the railroad. A mob of disorderly and disreputable persons took pos- session of the town. Some of them marched around among the farmers and enforced contributions from tliem for the support of alleged "strikers."

Saloons and taverns were ordered to be closed by the "strikers," and in one or two instances the mob forced some of the grocerymen to give them flour, groceries, and provisions.

The company was at the mercy of the strikers, and they were very much afraid that their proiierty in the borough, which amounted to a million dollars or more, would be destroyed by fire. The danger-point was not passed until the leader and chief conspirator) Truxell, was arrested and taken to jail, which oc- curred on Thursday, July 2()th.

Fire Companies. — Just when, where, or by whom the pioneer lire apparatus of the old Columbia Cora* pany was purchased we cannot ascertain, as the earliest records are lost or destroyed. However, we find tiiat the company was organized and owned a fire-engine as early as February 27, 1806, and an account of one hundred and fifty dollars having been paid towards its purchase, and the same year eleven dollars was charged by the treasurer as having been paid for re- pairs to the carriage. This is supposed to mean the hose-carriage, though not definitely stated. In 1814, at a reorganization of the company, the following persons were enrolled as members: Samuel Miller, William F. Houston, William B. Hunt. John Wilson, John Haldeman, Michael Elder, William F. Beaty, Joseph Jeffries, John McKissick, Joseph Mifliin, Jacob Williams, Thomas Wright, Thomas M. Jlifflin, John Forrey, John Brum field, Robert W. Houston, C. Brennemau, Dominick Haughey, E. Green, Amos H( Slaymaker, Benjamin Brubaker, John L. Wright, John Gontner, Jr., James Willson, Jr., John Mathiot, A. B. Breneman, John Greenleaf, Peter Yarnall, John Evans, James Clyde, James Sweeney, Thomas Lloyd, Joshua King, William Wright, James E. Mifflin, Charles N. Wright, Hugh McCorkill, William Liston, John W. Patton, Israel Cooke, James Collins, Nathan Roberts, Jr., Benjamin Worrell, Henry Martin, Robert Barber, Jacob Jlathiot, Casper Peters, John Hippey, Th. A. Willson, Robert Magill, Thomas Trump, John Dicks, William Kirkwood, George W. Gibbons, George Mason, James Todd, George Peters, Christian Halde- man. The engine- and hose-house of this company is located on LocustStreet, between Second and Third, and is conveniently and elegantly fitted up for the

BOROUGH OF COLUMBIA.

577

comfort of the members of the company and their visitors. The officers for 188.3 were: President, John Tyson; Vice-President, William Findley; Secretary, li. >t. Sample; Treasurer, J. W. Yocum- Chief En- gineer, D. A. Wayne ; Chief Director, Eugene Conley. The Good Intent Fire Company was organized in April, 1835, and a fire-engine was purchased in the eunimer of the same year. This company was com- posed of the wealthiest and best citizens in the place.

The Vigilant Steam Fire-Engine and Hose Com- pany, No. 2, whose engine-house is located at No. 24 North Second Street, was originally organized as the " Good Intent Fire Company," and subsequently (about 1844) the name was changed to "Vigilant Fire Company," and atthe outbreak of the Rebellion nearly all the members "shouldered arms and marched to the front." In the latter part of 18(35 the company was reorganized and consolidated with the old "Susque- hanna Fire Company," under the name of " Vigilant Steam Fire-Engine and Hose Company, No. 2." The property at No. 24 North Second Street is owned by the company. They have in charge a fourth-class Clupp & Jones steamer, built in 1882, and have upon their rolls the names of about two hundred men. The officers of the company for 1883 were as follows: President, George R. Bennett; Vice-Presi- dent, James Kiskaddon ; Treasurer, N. Gilihan; Secretary, George W. Schroeder.

The Shawnee Steam Fire-Engine and Hose Com- pany, whose engine-liouse is located on North Fifth Street, in the Fourth Ward of the borough, was or- ganized June 4, 1874, with the following officers and members, the first election taking place June 12th of the same year. The following were the first officers elected: President, James E. Wolf; Vice-President, Frank Conroy ; Secretary, George L. Lyle; Treasurer, Daniel F. Gohn ; Trustees, William G. Lutz, John Elliott, Philip Schlack; Foreman, George W. Wike; Assistant Foremen, C. Swartz, C. Shillot, D. Cole- man ; Hose Guards, John Wolf, James Hickey, David liarr, Andrew Lane, Samuel Blackson, George Shoe- maker, Ed. Gause, Frederick Hardnele. The steamer in charge of this company is a third-class Clapp & Jones machine, built and purchased in 187G. The company had, July 80, 1883, two hundred and sevQiity- four members on their rolls. The officers for 1883 were as follows: President, Andrew Hardnele; Vice- President, George Hardnele; Secretary, George F. Lutz; Treasurer, Daniel F. Gohn; Chief Engineer, Joseph Howers; Assistant Engineer, Harry Dinkle; Trusteeg, A. 11. Gilbert, Peter Book, Joseph Sweitzer; Janitor, Joiin Honadle; Chief Hose Director, Ed. Triicy ; First AHsistant, George Dinkle.

The borough purchased a small fire-engine called the " Bravo" about the year 1825. The box was •upplied with water carried in buckets from the river or Home adjoining pump. There was a crank-handle oa each side, where two men could stand and turn 87

the handle, which forced the water over an ordinary house.

It was of great service in case of fires, and could be taken into any of the back yards and other places where a larger engine could not go. But little care was taken with it, and the wood-work shrank and let out the water at first about as fast as it was put in.

The cylinder lay horizontal, and the shaft between the handles ran through the centre. Two meh could work this little engine very easily.

It weut to pieces more than twenty years ago. In 1832 it was given in charge of Columbia Fire Com- pany.

Eastern Star Lodge, No. 169, F. and A. M., was constituted about 1812. The records of the lodge are lost, but it is known that it continued work till about 1830, when its communications ceased. The last sur- viving Mason who was a member at that time, Tliomas

B. Dunbar, died in June, 18S3.

Columbia Lodge, No. 286, F. and A. M., was con- stituted Feb. 16, 1S54, under a charter granted to C. S. Kaurt'man, W. il. ; Daniel Herr, S. W. ; Jacob M. Strickler, J. W. ; James S. McMahon, S. ; Thomas Lloyd, T. ; and Peter A. Kinburg, John Eckert, and John Barr, charter members. The first place of meet- ing was Herr's Hotel, corner of Fulton and Walnut Streets. Its communications were held here till 1873, when it removed to Odd-Fellows' Hall, corner of Second and Locust Streets, its present place of meet- ing.

The Worshipful Masters of this lodge have been

C. S. Kaulfman, Daniel Herr, Joseph Buchanan, Francis H. Ebur, J. L. Wolfe, L. Frederick, A. M. Rambo, E. K. Boice, A. J. Kauffman, C. H. Mc- Cullough, J. A. E. Keed, J. A. Myers, William W. Upp, A. R. Breneman, C. A. Fondersmith, J. G. Pence, Franklin Hinkle, David B. Willson, Silas A. Vache, George F. Rathvon, S. B. Clepi)er, John A. Blade, James Perr^ttet, Theodore L. Urban. The present officers are Joseph W. Yocum, W. jM. ; Abraham G. Guiles, S. W. ; Simon C. Camp, J. W. ; James A. Meyers, T._; and A. J. Kauffman, S.

The total number initiated in this lodge is two hun- dred and eighty-eight. The present membership is one hundred and forty-three. The lodge has a fund of $12,500 invested.

Corinthian Royal Arch Chapter, No. 224, F. and A. M., was c(.M>titutcd June 24, 1801), with A. J. Kauflman, H. P.; Franklin Hinkle, K. ; George F. Sprenger, S. ; E. K. Boice, T. ; M. M. Strickler, Sec. ; David Hanauer, A. M. Rambo, George Seibert, Jacob S. Snyder, C. S. Kaulfman, and John C. Buclier, charter members.

The foltowing have served as H. P.: A. J. Kaull- man, Franklin Hinkle, William II. Eagle, William II. Pfahler, Charles H. McCuUough, C. L. P. Boice, T. J. Clepper, Andrew M. Rambo, Stephen B. Clep- per, Jacob G. Pence, Peter A. Krodel, John A. Slade, Elias B. Herr.

578

HISTORY OF LANCASTER COUNTY.

The present officers are Joseph W. Yocum, H. P. ; William G. Taylor, K. ; Theodore L. Urbau, S. ; Charles H. Pfahler, T. ; A.J. Kauffman, Sl'c. The last has been Grand Commander of the Knights Templar in Pennsylvania.

The present membership is seventy-three, and it has a surplus invested.

Cyrene Commandery, No. 34, K. T., was consti- tuted first by dispensation March 25, 1869, and by charter June 9, 18G9. The charter members were Andrew J. Kauffman, E. C. ; Andrew M. Rambo, G. ; George F. Sprenger, C. G. ; Matthew M. Strickler, T. ; Franklin Hinkle, Rec. ; George Seibert, Samuel Carter, Jacob S. Snyder, John C. Bucher, Christian S. Kauffman, and Andrew M. Rambo.

The Past Commanders are as follows: C. S. Kauff- man, A. J. Kauffman, A. M. Rambo, William H. Eagle, Stephen B. Clepper, Thomas J. Clepper, Sul- livan S. Child, Daniel J. Griffith, Peter A. Krodel, Stephen S. Clair, John A. Slade, Isaac D. Landis, Simon C. Camp, and Christian Hershey.

The present officers are William H. Pfahler, E. C. ; George J. Ralhbon, G. ; Robert McAnall, C. G. ; W. G. Taylor, T. ; A. J. Kauffman, Rec.

The present membership is sixty-two.

Susquehanna Lodge, No. 80, I. 0. 0. F., was or- ganized in the borough of Columbia in December, 1842. The charter members were John Frederick Houston, N. G. ; T. B. Odell, V. G. ; E. J. Sneeder, Sec; Nicholas Springer, Treas. This lodge is one of the oldest and most prominent of the lodges in Pennsylvania, and is yet in tine working order, with a membership far above the average. The roll-books of the lodge contain the names of men who have since become prominent in railroad. State, and na- tional affairs. We may mention the late Thomas A. Scott, late president of the Pennsylvania Railroad, also Assistant Secretary of War under President Lincoln, and a number of others who have held sim- ilar positions of honor and trust. We copy the fol-

lowing list of nam forty years ago :

Juhn F. IIouetoD. E. J. Sneoder. KIcliulus Springer. Martin Noil. Francia lliadli-y. William McClicsney. G. G. Claiburne. Willium F. Curottiers. William CowUeu. H. Siiyiiuiu. A. Guhn. O. C. Franclacus. C. Mellinger. Jghli.ll. Wright. Jolin nnlhiiiher. '

from the roll

lenibership

H. M	urray.
J. Sn	edk.y.
B.C.	Lluyd.
Jiin.ea Kerr.
J. M	Knip.
El. B
D. K	Gardiner
G. n	Rntter.
Will	am Shaw
D. K	Blxlc-r.
John	B. Wolf.
Abrah.iui llur
R.U	alfiint.
S. II.	Carnjihan

M, Ck'ppor. S.imiitl Caley. W. W. Miirlln. J. W. Berntheizel. Godfrey Keebler.

Paskil M. Taylo Jacob Wolf. William S. Coch

Sunulel Oolin. John tddy. Joseph A. Barr. 11. Pfahler. John Lloyd.

P. Goodman. Jacob Grubb. E. A. Howard. A. McMithael. S. D. Young. J. H. Broolis. H. R. Muaser. John Jordan. A. 1). BoggB. William Caats. Samuel Brooks.

G. W. Barrack. J. JlcCorkle. H. Krenaun.

C. I!a«linga. William Boll. Joseph HeS3. John F. Craig. Elias Haul). Joseph Withers. M. Leese.

S. C. Gove. Nelson Sutton. William Paltou. William S. Dickey. II. Brennem.iu.

D. Murphy.

J. B. Edwards.

George Moore. '.i.

Thomas A. Scott. , ! P. M. Haldeman.

M. Leibhart. ''I

A.Harper. ^

H. Harnley. •;

William Wiggins. '.^

J. H. Roberts. ''■

J. F. Beecher. (*,

John Kerr. :^

Joseph Black. Jr. ,•

Samuel S. Hively. 's'

P. Delinger. j,

0. Westbrook. «

B. F. Whitson. ' "?

T. Tyrrell. '4.

S. R. Lewellyn. ...(j

William F. Lockard. ;

A. M. Haines. ' "^ 0. SIcCullough. ■'' R.W.Smith. 'Si Levi Duck. ,A William R. Beck. . John Smeltzer. * H. Fraley. . j J. B. Flury. , ^^

B. Young. ; P. Morris. ' Joseph Hougendobler. :i William Roberts. ) Jacob K. Habaker. .^ William Sclmlck.

Samuel Bruckhart. , '!

Conrad Kraus. .'|

John H. Kauffman. ^ Joseph B. Habaker.

John Kessler. •* H. A. Hougendobler.

John M. Weller. I

AVilliam Brown. {

Daniel Flury. **■

0. W. Kiilhfon. '^

Henry U. Upp. i^

Joseph HidJIeson. .

A number of the prominent members of this lodge formed an association, and erected a large four-stury building at the northeast corner of Second and Locust Streets, measuring forty feet on Locust, and e.xtendinj along Second Street eighty feet, in the year 1850. The lodge-room is in the fourth story. The third story is used by the order of Red Men and the Blasonic fraternity. The second story is used for a public hall, and the first story for law-offices and drug-store. The association is a stock company, i

The membersliip of Lodge No. 80 is very large. Since its organization more than thirty thousand dol- lars have been paid out in benefits to members anii their families. '■

The Past Grands of this lodge who are now living are Martin Neil, Samuel B. Heise, D. I. Bniner, Samuel Truscott, William F. Carutliers, H. H. Houston, H. M. North, Harford Fraley, Peter Fraley, Hiram Wil- son, T. J. Kuch, Stephen Green, William Reese, A. M. Rambo, John Shenberger, M. S. Shuman, E. A. Becker, A. J. Musser, William B. Fasig, H. F. Bruner, C. H. McCullough, S. C. May, John L. Long, Jobn

BOROUGH OF COLUMBIA.

D79

B. Mullen, J. D. Stacy, J. D. Fisher, Benjamin Hal- deman, Andrew Henderson, Henry Hippey, Jacob BaLn, John A. Brush, William Clark, Ge.)rge D. Huff, J. G. Pence, L. D. May, A. J. Hoffman, James B. Douglas, John B. Eshleman, L. C. Overton, Hugh Donley, Michael Schaivley, Samuel H. Boyd, Henry Myers, George B. Breneman, Samuel H. Hoffman, Joseph Funk, James T. Schroeder, Isaac Anwerter, B. F. Dean, and Jacob Tracy.

The present officers are E. D. Fry, N. G. ; R. S. Dunbar, V. G. ; Samuel H. Boyd, freas. ; R. J. M. Little, Sec.; John E. Tyler, Asat. Sec. The present, membership is two hundred and one. The lodge has a surplus invested of five thousand dollars.

Orion Lodge, I. 0, 0. F., was organized May 25, 1874, witli the following-named officers: W. Hayes Grier, N. G. ; Simon P. Wayne, V. G. ; J. S. Smith, Bee. I H. H. Roberts, Asst. Sec. ; George W. Schroe- der, Treas. ; George W. Sener, A. C. Eckert, V. J. Baker, Trustees ; 0. W. Stevenson, Con. ; S. P. Moder- well, S. W. ; Samuel Greeuawalt, J. W. ; Harry C. Lichty, R. S. to N. G. ; George A. Souders, L. S. to N. G. ; James S. Nowlen, R. S. S. ; Evan G. Hamaker, L. S. S. ; S. M. Williams, R. S. to V. G. ; Charles B. Schuster, L. S. to V. G. ; James Growth er, I. G. ; Sam- uel Hippy, O. G. ; H. C. Sprout, Janitor. The lodge is in a flourishing condition, and numbers about one hundred and forty-five members in good standing, iiid a fund of three thousand dollars in the treasury. Tiieir lodge-room is iu the third story of the Vigi- lant Fire Company, on Second Street, between Locust and Walnut Streets.

Shawnee Encampment, No, 23, 1. 0. 0. F., was organized, but after u tew years it surrendered its j charier, and was subsequently reorganized. The Past Chief Patriarchs are Samuel Truscott, Samuel B. Heise, Hiram Wilson, D. L Bruner, Andrew Hen- derson, J. W. Fisher, A. M. Rambo, John Shenber- ger, H. F. Bruner, John L. Long, Daniel CuUey, George D. Huff, Simon C. May, R. J. M. Little, E. A. Becker, John A. Brush, A. J, Musser, William Clark, C. H. McCullough, Jacob Bahn, Samuel P. Graver, L. C. Oberlin, Olhneil Geiger, Michael Scheibiey, H. C. Lichty, Orrick Richards, M. H. Newcomer, James B. Douglass, George D. Schroeder, Jlenry ilyers, C. D. Stevenson, Charles N. Sin\ms, laauc Oibb, James A. Allison, and Eli Roberts. The present otlicers are Samuel C. Schwartz, C. P.; John H Tyler, S. W. ; F. P. D. Miller, J. W. ;• George D. Bcbroeder, T. R. J. ; M. Little, S. The membership of the encampment is ninety-three. It has a fuud Invented of three thousand dollars.

The Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers of the United States, Canada, and Mexico, Division Ho. 104, was organized in Columbia in the month of .June, 18G9. None but locomotive engineers can be- .coroe members of this order. The object of this asso- ^ciatlon is for " mutual i)rotection and llie elevation of ,|U members in society, and their advancement in

their occupation." There is also a beneficial and life insurance feature of the order, which pays the family of a deceased member the sum of three thousand dol- lars, and ulso the same amount for total disability. In case of sickness or partial disability the sum of eight dollars ptr week is paid to the beneficiary.

The officers are John T. Richards, Chief Engi- neer; George Irwin, First Engineer; Henry Beck, Second Engineer; James B. Strawbridge, First As- sistant Engineer; Hayes Smith, Second Assistant Engineer ; Joshua Hughes, Third Assistant Engineer ; David Leyman, Guide; Jesse Godeeker, Chaplain.

The stated meetings of this order are on the first Sunday of each month and the third Wednesday evening of each month. Their room is on the third story of Fenrich's Hall, on Locust Street, between Front and Second Streets.

There are thirty two members of the order belong- ing to this division. The following-named members have died : Thomas Powers, Michael Shuman, Jacob Armstrong, John Neinian. JMartin Mellinger was killed on the Pennsylvania Railroad at Glen Lock, in the winter of 1871, while standing on the track, oil- ing his engine. In case of death the sum is made up by an assessment of one dollar each in the whole order.

The rules of the order prohibit drunkenness, and its menibers are not permitted to keep drinking sa- loons or taverns. The motto of the order is " Truth, Justice, Sobriety, and Morality." The members are all respectable and well-to-do citizens.

Chiquesalunga Tribe, No. 3L Improved Order of Red Men, was organized in 1857, with Joseph S. List, S. ; J. W.Tyler, S. S. ; J. B. Rahm, J. S. ; J. H. Freet, P. ; G. Branett, K. of W. ; Dudley D. Upp, C. of R., and others as charter members. It haa maintained an unbroken existence to the present time. The Sachems have been V. J. Baker, Edward Billet, William L. Cope, B. F. Clair, Joseph .Ellsla- ger, David R. Fisher, Samuel Greenawalt, George Hardnele, Andrew Hardnele, John Harsh, Isaac Broom, Adam Krotzer, W. R. Meckley, Harry Maze, Lawrence McCracken, Jacob Milligsack, H. C. Mat- thews, William Preston, Daniel Retheiser, George Roberts, John Ritter, George W. Seaner, Amos Sym- mons, L. M. Williams, G. W. Snider, Nicholas Wolf, George Young, Emanuel Newcomer, William Black- son.

The present officers are Charles Filbert, S. ; Jacob Krotzer, S. S. ; Albert Newcomer, J. S. ; William Meckley, P.; Emanuel Newcomer, C. of R. ; E. J. Baker, K. of W.

The tribe has two hundred and two members, and its assets above its liabilities are four thousand dol- lars.

The wigwam of this tribe is tastefully furnished, and the walls are ilecoraled with characteristic paint-

Osceola Tribe, No. 11, Improved Order of Red

'C.: 4'

580

HISTORY OF LANCASTER COUNTY.

Men, was organized Jan. 17, 1874, with Smith Swords, S. ; A. J. Musser, S. S. ; J. H. Downs, J. S. ; P. A. Krodel, C. of R. ; James Schroeder, K. of W. ; Wil- liam Paxson, Prophet; Josiah Gramme, George F. Berger, Charles Grove, Andrew M. Rambo, Peter Hofl'man, Henry A. Weaver, Calvin A. Bahn, Claj'- ton J. Reisinger, Henry Bixler, John Bahn, Jat-ob A. Devine, Abram Guiles, Charles G. Hopton, Josluia Earnshaw, Jacob H. Lutz.

This was the reorganization of a tribe by the same name that was chartered much earlier, and at the time of its reorganization James Schroeder, now dead, was the only living member of the original tribe.

The Sachems of this tribe have been, in succession, Smith Swords, William Paxson, Josiah Gramm, S. B. Clepper, John H. Downs, Peter Hoffman, George Little, John D. Lowry, Benjamin F. Jlann, Joseph G. Moore, H. S. Kimmel. John B. Slaymaker, Filbert Smith, D. L. Weim, G. W. Berntheisel, Thomas J. Clepper, Adolphus Redman.

The present oflicers are B. H. Eicherly, Sachem ; George Studenroth, S. S. ; George C. Hill, J. S. ; G. W. Berntheisel, P.; G. Bentou Clepper, C. of R.; Henry Nolte, K. of W. The present membership is one hundred and forty-six. The tribe has a surplus of several hundred dulhirs in its treasury.

The Red Rose Conclave, No. 10, Knig-hts of the Red Cross of Constantine and Attendant Orders. — This was first organized as No. o'J, under a charter from the Grand Conclave of England, dated June 16, 1871. June 14, 1872, the conclave was renumbered by the Grand Council of Pennsylvania.

The charter members were A. J. Kauffman, M. P. S. ; S. B. Clepper, Vice; Charles J. Fondersmith, S. G. ; Abraham R. Breneman, J. G. ; William H. Pfhaler, H. P.; Charles H. Pfhaler, Treas. ; P. A. Krodel, Rec. ; George F. Rathvon, Christian Hershey, D. D. Upp, Jacob Z. HofFer, and Franklin Henkle.

John A. Slade is the present M. P. S., and A. J. Kauffman, Recorder. The last nameil has held the position of Grand Sovereign of Pennsylvania.

Assembly No. 20, A. 0. M. P., was instituted in December, 187o, with A. J. Kauffman, Master Arti- san ; Jolin A. Slade, Superintendent; A.J. Musser, Inspector ; S. A. Bockius, Recorder ; J. L. Pinkerton, Cashier; Dr. Alexander Craig, Medical Examiner; Christian Hershey, Hugh Donnelly, A. R. Hogen- dobler, Daniel C. Wann, John B. Eshluman, Abram G. Guiles, Samuel Filbert, Rev. John McCoy, Henry Hippey, John E. Metzger, Jlilton Wike, Samuel S. Klair, Edward H. Staman, H. H. Heise, Henry Nolte, S. H. Miller, Frederick Bucher, Hiram Wilson, H.F. Bruner, H, S. Hershey, Dr. J. K. Lineaweaver, David Hanover, Abram Bruner, John C. Clark, Ed- ward S. Stair, Cyrus Bruner, John Sternberger, Fred- erick Bruner, Jacob A. May, Charles D. May, Jacob Bruner, George C. Haldeman,'Dr. W. G. Taylor, W. Hayes Grier, John U Devlin, H. C. Sprout, and William B. Foesig as charter members.

The Past Master Artisans are A. J. Kauffman, John A. Slade, H. A. Musser, John B. E^hlemaii,

D. C. Wann, A. R. Hogendobler, Cyrus Bruner, Jacob Bahn. The present officers are F. P. D. Jliller, M. A. ; Jacob Smith, S. ; H. F. Yergy, I. ; D. C. Wann, R. ; H. S. Hershey, Cashier; Dr. J. R. Line- aweaver, Med. Ex. The present membership is forty- nine. No death has occurred among the members of this Assembly. The funds of the Assembly amount to fifteen hundred dollars.

Pennsylvania Castle, No. 76, R. 0. of the K. of j the M. C, was organized in October, 1874, with Thomas Jackson, chaplain; A. N. Wilson, Sir Kt. Commander; William Redman, Sir Kt. Vice-Com- mander; John Letz, Sir Kt. First Lieutenant; H. C. Sprout, Sir Kt. Recording Scribe; George Hardnail, j Sir Kt. Assistant Recording Scribe; John P. Hall, [ Sir Kt. Financial Scribe; Sir Kt. Treasurer, Samuel I Bruckart; Sir Kt. Inside Guard, Henry Heiser ; Sir Kt. Outside Guard, James I. McEnnis; Sir Kt. Past Commanders, James I. McEnnis, James Hardnail, and John H. Bletz, and thirty-seven other charter members.

The castle has enjoyed uninterrupted prosperity, and it now numbers one hundred and ten knights. The present otBcers are B. F. Mann, Sir Kt. Com- mander; Detwiler, Sir Kt. Vice-Commander;

William Trapnell, Sir Kt. First Lieutenant; Simon Gramm, Chaplain ; W. G. Taylor, Sir Kt. Treasurer;

E. K. Getz, Sir Kt. Recording Scribe; J. G. Paine, Sir Kt. Assistant Recording Scribe; A. J. Hogen- togler. Sir Kt. Inside Guard ; Adam Eag\e, Sir Kt,

Outside Guard ; Philip Clark, J. S. Purple, and

Diffenderfer, Trustees. The Past Commanders are S. J. Ashton, Tobias Manning, A. J. Hogentogler, D. R. Rattew, E. K. Getz, Uriah Sourbeer, Jacob Wi- ;

E>ifrenderfer, A. G. Lindsey, Ja

I. Me-

i »ier,

I Ennis.

I Conestoga Lodge, No. 463, Knights of Pythias,

j was organized March 1;"), IsSO, with the tbilowing charter members: J. F. Jletzger, Frederick Thumra, Jcdin Weber, Frederick Abendschein, Frederick

' Brumer, William Buchholz, H. Beinhauer, D. Yung, Christian Metzger, Christian Ladenburger.

The first officers were Ch. C, J. F. Jletzger; V. Ch., J. Niclaus; Prelate, W. Buchholz; Master at' Arms, J. Weber; K. R. and S., Christian Jletzger; Treas., F. Thumm; M. of Ex., D. Yung; I. G., H. Bierhauer'; 0. G., Christian Ladenburger.

The presiding officers were J. F. Metzger, J. Nic- laus, N. Bushhoiz, John Weber, St. Riihl, Ed. G. Col- lin, J. Ehman.

The present officers are : Ch. C, L. Schuler ; V. Ch., J. Henzf Prelate, V. Xucnzor; JI. A., Charles Rci-

j ner; K. R. and S., W. G. Duttenhofer ; Treas., F. Thumm; Exec, Christ. Ladenburger; I. G., F. Stoll;

! O.G., J.Weber; Trustees, AVilliam Harm, F. Aliend-

I schein, William Buchholz. The numlier of members

I is seventy-three.

BOROUGH OF COLUMBIA.

Gen. Welsh Post, No. 118, G. A. R., .it Columbia, was organized and inu^tc-ix'd .Maa-li 21, 1SG8. It is named in honor o( lirig.-Gun. Thomas Welsh, a dis- tinguished soldier, who served through the Jlexican war and in the war of the liebellion. His military history is given elsewhere. He was severely wounded at Uuena Vi^jta, and his leg was saved from amputa- tion by Dr. Blanton, after whom his only son, Blan- ton, was subsequently named. The latter is a gradu- ate of West Point Military Academy, and a lieutenant of the Fifteenth United States Infantry. Gen. Welsh organized the Forty-fifth Eegiujent of Pennsylvania Volunteers, and was subsequently promoted to briga- dier-general. His lieutenant-colonel was James A. Heaver, afterwards also a distinguished brigadier- general.

Gen. Welsh Post is one of the strongest, numeri- cally and financially, and one of the best organized and successfully conducted posts in the interior of the State. Its muster-roll contains nearly three hundred names, comprising many of the leading citizens of Columbia, including merchants, members of the dif- ferent professions, skilled mechanics, ntinieroiis em- ployes and officers of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company, and farmers from the suburban districts. It is an organization which very fairly rejiresents the character, patriotism, and intelligence of our citizen soldiery, commanding the respect and enjoying the confidence and sympathy of the community.

The post controls a beautiful plot of ground in Mount Bethel Cemetery, where soldiers, dying with-, out friends, are buried. It annually observes Memo- rial D.ay with solemn and appropriate services. The post owns a valuable sciopticon and dissolving views, used in the illustration of its ritual ; has a large and well-organized drum corps, and is now negotiating for a more convenient and suitable post-room.

The Past Commanders are Henry Mullen, the pres- ent postmaster; J. F. Cottrell, JI.D. ; J. F. Frueauf}', attorney-at-law ; W. Hayes Grier, Esq., editor of The Columbia Herald; J. W. Yocum, ICsq., editor of The Cohtinbia Spy ; and Edward A. Becker, Esq.

Putnam Circle, No. 113, B. U. H. F., w.as organ- ized Feb. 10, 1875, with Peter IngroflT, P. E. M. ; John Stickler, E. M. ; Samuel G. Sheaffer, C. M. ; Henry Apply, C. J. ; James G. Richardson, H. R. ; William Maple, H. Treas. ; George Maple, H. S. K. ; Orthneel Geiger, C. F. ; Jacob Gohn, U. D. ; Townsend Stone, U. N. The present officers are Joseph Shartzer, E. JI. ; Wayne Leighteiser, C. M. ; Henry Nultv, C. J.; A. N.'Eshleman, C. F. ; John Jleimer, H. H.; E. K. Getz, H. S. K. ; A. L. Yountz, H. R. ; John Temple, H. T. i Elias Ulmer, U. I).; George O. Fisher, U. N. The niembcrshi[) is sixty-two.

Eiverside Home Circle, No. 27, was organized April 23, 1877, with the following officers: Annie Lindsey, P. G. ; A. G. Lindsey, G. ;'Mary Anderson, P. \\. 6. T.; Henry Ap|dey, Propliet; Annie Smith, Prophetess; Jacob R. Golin, Prir>l ; .Mary .Scluilk,

I Priestess ; E. K. Getz, H. S. R. ; Amanda Kirk, H. R. ;

I John M. Eberley, Treas. ; Eliza Goodman, U. D. ;

I Sarah Fisher, U. N. The present officers are Carrie Swartz, P. G.; Jane Hippey, G. ; Sarah Long, P.;

' Lydia Fonwalt, Prophet; J. Hilliar, Prophetess; Mary Yountz, Priest; Mary E. Hoffman, Priestess; E. K. Getz, H. S. K. ; A, L. Yountz, H. P.; L. P.

[ Metzger,II.T.; Annie Kcesev, U. 1). ; Mary P.altzlev, U. N.

i The Opera-House.— The erection of a new public hall was first discussed in Council, March 18, 1870, on a proposition from the Masonic Hall Association to purchase or lease for that purpose the borough lot at the corner of Third and Locust Streets. Three 'days after a special meeting of Council was held to consider the proposition, when it was agreed to obtain legislation to authorize the borough to borrow forty thousand dollars to build a hall, if approved by a vote

' of the peo]ile. The election for that purpose was held April 9, 1870, when four hundred and ninety-three votes were polled for, and fifty-five against, a new town hall. Plans for the hall were submitted May 28tli, a

j building committee appointed; proposals invited. They were found to be so high that they were referred back to the committee and architect for revision, and were never considered again. In 1871, the hall pro- ject was revived.

In 1873, at an adjourned meeting held May 30th,

j it was resolved, " that the Borough Council jiroceed to erect an additional market-house and town hall combined." At the same meeting a building com- mittee was appointed, consisting of Messrs. Bachman,

I Kauffman, Detwiler, Craig, and Steacy. On August

j ISth, of the plans submitteil, that of E. F. Durang

1 was adopted. Septendier 10th ground was broken by

' Chief Burgess Shenberger. September 18th the work

' of tearing down the old town hall was commenced.

, The foundation walls for the new structure were com-

I pleted during the autumn, and carefully jirotected

I against the exposures of winter.

Feb. 24, 1874, the contract for the building, exclu- sive of clock, bell, stage, and auditorium furniture, upholstering, heating apparatus, gas fixtures, etc., was awarded to Michael Liphart, being the lowest

j bidder, at fifty-four thousand three hundred dollars.

1 The building committee of 1873 was continued, Mr.

1 Haldeman having succeeded Jlr. Detwiler, whose term had expired. In 1875, the terms of Messrs.

' Craig and Steacy having expired, IMessrs. McClure and Wolfe were appointed to succeed them. E. W.

1 Goerke, C. E., was employed as superintendent. Mr. Liphart died Jan. 80, 1875, and his contract was com- pleted by his sureties, Messrs. \. P.rnner and E. Hershey. Tli'e bell in the tower was us.d lor the fir-t time after it was hung in tolling his sad tiuieral notes. The Opera-House cost $85,824.15. It was formally opened by the Mendelssohn Quintette Club of Boston, on Tuesday evening, Aug. 24, 1875, in the presence of over seven hundred people. 15efore the concert a

HISTORY OF LANCASTER COUNTY.

short dedicatory address was delivered by H. M. North, Esq.

Prominent Families and Individuals.— Robert Barber was bora in England. He was bound to his uncle, Robert Barber, to learn the "art and ■ mystery of cordwaining." They came to Chester in the latter part of the seventeenth century. In the summer or fall of 1708, Robert Barber died, leaving no issue. His estate was large for that time. He de- vised to his nephew, the subject of this, sketch, who was then living with him and had not attained his majority, its largest portion. When he became of age he decided to follow a seafaring life. He was taken by the French and thrown into prison in France, and when lie was released he returned to Chester. He and his uncle were Quakers, and it is probable that the experience he had while in a French prison, and a prospect of being recaptured by French privateers if he continued to follow a maritime life, diverted his mind from what seemed to be a vocation of much peril to a more peaceful one, and he concluded to settle in Chester. He had an active mind, which was well developed, a body healthy and vigorous, capable of enduring hardsiiips.

He married Hannah Tidmarsh, of Philadelphia, a member of the Society of Friends, and a person en- dowed with great energy and a mind of more than ordinary character. In the year 1719 he was a candi- date for sheriff of Cheater County, but was beaten by Nicholas Fairlamb. In the fall of 1721 he ran for coroner in the same county, and was elected. In the year 1724 he was elected a member of the Hoard of County Assessors.

When this county was organized he was appointed sheriff', and at the general election in October, 1729, he was chosen to the same office by the people.

He was ambitious to secure the location of the county-seat upon his farm, and at his own expense he erected a temporary log jail in front of his dwelling, which stood where is now the garden of Jacob S. iStoner, the present owner of the premises. This jail is known in history as the place where Sir James Annesly was confined. Until the county-seat was jiermanently located where it now is, Mr. Barber did not give up all hope of getting it upon his land. It caused him some anxiety, and when lie bbcame as- sured that he could not succeed he was greatly disap- pointed.

In the fall of 1730 he declined to be a candidate for sheriff, and he returned to his farm and private life. He built a saw-mill in the meadow soutli of his dwelling, to which he gave attention. There were but a few acres under cultivation, which was barely sutlicient to provide grain enough to support his fam- ily and feed liis stock. He had a very large family, and it required his best energies to provide for them. He was elected county commiasioner for the years 1740-41. He took an active part in bi. Penns during " Cresap'a war."

the

Robert Barber died in the year 1749, aged about fifty -seven years. He left a widow, Hannah, and ten children, namely: John, was "read out" of the So- ciety of Friends in 1755 for " marrying out." He was killed -by the Indians at the Ohio while trading. Robert, who married, Sept. 26, 1746, Sarah, daughter of Samuel Taylor; Thomas, who died in his minority; Nathaniel, who settled where his father built his man- sion, and retained a portion of the land. He died in the spring of 1804, leaving five children. Elizabeth, who died in her minority; James, married; Samuel; Eleanor, who married John Wright, Jr. ; Mary, and Sarah.

The second generation of Barbers gradually left the Society of Friends, and we find that there were several members of the third generation who entered the Revolutionary army and served their country faith- fully.

Samuel Blunston was the son of John Blunston and Sarah, who came from Hallam, in the county of Derby, England, in 1682. He was a minister of the Society of Friends, a warm personal friend of William Penn, anci a member of his Council. He was also a member of Assembly. He died in 1723, and his wife, Sarah, died Oct. 4, 1692. Their children were John (1685-1716), Samuel, Joseph (1691-92), and Hannah, who mar- ried Thomas Pearson, of Kingsessing.

Samuel Blunston was born Sept. 2, 1689, at Darby,